Table 2 Objective machine-learned measures of physical activity (vector magnitude), sleep, walking, sitting-or-standing, bicycling, vehicle, and mixed activity time: the UK Biobank study 2013–2015 (n = 96,220).
Individuals | Physical activity | MET | Sleep | Walking | Sit/stand | Bicycling | Vehicle | Mixed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[n] | [mg] | [MET hrs/day] | [% time] | ||||||
Age | [mean ± stdev] | ||||||||
<55 | 20,456 | 31.7 ± 9.1 | 37.6 ± 3.1 | 36.2 ± 5.0 | 5.5 ± 3.0 | 35.7 ± 7.8 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 3.4 | 17.0 ± 7.2 |
55–64 | 33,746 | 29.4 ± 8.2 | 37.1 ± 3.0 | 36.7 ± 5.1 | 5.5 ± 3.0 | 35.4 ± 7.6 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 3.2 | 17.1 ± 6.9 |
65+ | 42,018 | 26.3 ± 7.3 | 36.3 ± 2.9 | 37.3 ± 5.4 | 5.1 ± 3.0 | 36.1 ± 7.5 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 16.9 ± 6.7 |
p valuea | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | 5 × 10−148 | 3 × 10−93 | 2 × 10−31 | 2 × 10−146 | 7 × 10−270 | 2 × 10−04 | |
Cohen’s d | 0.66 | 0.43 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.03 | |
Sex | |||||||||
Women | 54,158 | 29.0 ± 8.0 | 37.1 ± 2.9 | 36.9 ± 4.9 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | 34.6 ± 7.2 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 4.6 ± 2.8 | 18.9 ± 6.7 |
Men | 42,062 | 28.0 ± 8.7 | 36.5 ± 3.2 | 36.7 ± 5.6 | 5.9 ± 3.3 | 37.3 ± 7.8 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 3.4 | 14.5 ± 6.4 |
p valuea | 5 × 10−33 | 1 × 10−197 | 3 × 10−17 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | 1 × 10−248 | <1 × 10−300 | |
Cohen’s d | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.68 | |
Self-rated health | |||||||||
Excellent | 21,101 | 30.8 ± 8.9 | 37.4 ± 2.9 | 36.5 ± 4.8 | 5.6 ± 3.0 | 35.0 ± 7.2 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 3.0 | 17.5 ± 6.8 |
Good | 57,792 | 28.6 ± 8.0 | 36.9 ± 3.0 | 36.8 ± 5.1 | 5.3 ± 3.0 | 35.5 ± 7.4 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 17.2 ± 6.8 |
Fair | 15,313 | 26.1 ± 7.8 | 36.0 ± 3.1 | 37.2 ± 5.8 | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 37.1 ± 8.2 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 3.3 | 15.9 ± 7.1 |
Poor | 2,707 | 23.3 ± 7.8 | 34.9 ± 3.5 | 37.9 ± 7.1 | 3.8 ± 3.0 | 39.2 ± 9.1 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 3.2 | 14.6 ± 7.2 |
p valuea | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | 8 × 10−54 | 2 × 10−271 | 3 × 10−193 | 6 × 10−149 | 1 × 10−33 | 3 × 10−106 | |
Cohen’s d | 0.90 | 0.79 | 0.24 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.40 | |
Time of day | |||||||||
0-5.59am | 96,220 | 5.0 ± 3.7 | 23.9 ± 1.9 | 92.3 ± 10.0 | 0.3 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 7.8 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 1.8 | 1.3 ± 2.7 |
6-11.59am | 96,220 | 38.8 ± 15.4 | 41.3 ± 5.5 | 29.1 ± 13.5 | 7.2 ± 5.5 | 32.7 ± 11.8 | 0.4 ± 1.4 | 5.9 ± 4.8 | 24.6 ± 11.0 |
12-5.59 pm | 96,220 | 44.4 ± 14.9 | 45.7 ± 5.4 | 4.7 ± 6.3 | 10.1 ± 6.3 | 49.6 ± 13.4 | 0.5 ± 1.6 | 9.1 ± 6.1 | 26.0 ± 12.9 |
6-11.59 pm | 96,220 | 26.2 ± 10.9 | 36.3 ± 4.8 | 21.2 ± 13.0 | 3.5 ± 3.3 | 55.0 ± 12.9 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 4.4 | 16.0 ± 8.7 |
p valueb | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | |
Cohen’s d | 3.6 | 5.4 | 10.5 | 2.2 | 4.6 | 0.44 | 1.9 | 2.6 | |
Day | |||||||||
Weekday | 96,220 | 28.7 ± 8.5 | 37.0 ± 3.2 | 36.2 ± 5.5 | 5.4 ± 3.2 | 36.2 ± 8.2 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 3.4 | 16.9 ± 7.3 |
Weekend | 96,220 | 28.2 ± 9.9 | 36.4 ± 3.6 | 38.3 ± 6.6 | 5.1 ± 3.7 | 34.7 ± 8.7 | 0.3 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 3.9 | 17.1 ± 7.8 |
p valueb | 4 × 10−98 | <1 × 10−300 | <1 × 10−300 | 4 × 10−172 | <1 × 10−300 | 0.765 | <1 × 10−300 | 1 × 10−27 | |
Cohen’s d | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.35 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.03 | |
Season | |||||||||
Spring | 21,839 | 29.0 ± 8.5 | 37.0 ± 3.0 | 36.7 ± 5.1 | 5.4 ± 3.1 | 35.6 ± 7.6 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 17.0 ± 6.9 |
Summer | 25,273 | 29.1 ± 8.5 | 37.0 ± 3.0 | 36.3 ± 5.1 | 5.3 ± 3.1 | 35.7 ± 7.7 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 3.1 | 17.4 ± 7.0 |
Autumn | 28,699 | 28.4 ± 8.2 | 36.8 ± 3.0 | 36.8 ± 5.2 | 5.3 ± 3.0 | 35.9 ± 7.5 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 16.8 ± 6.8 |
Winter | 20,409 | 27.6 ± 8.0 | 36.5 ± 3.0 | 37.5 ± 5.4 | 5.0 ± 2.9 | 35.9 ± 7.5 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 3.0 | 16.7 ± 6.8 |
p valuea | 6 × 10−107 | 3 × 10−72 | 3 × 10−136 | 5 × 10−46 | 4 × 10−05 | 1 × 10−77 | 2 × 10−32 | 2 × 10−32 | |
Cohen’s d | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.10 | |
