Table 2 Prognostic factors for overall survival among male breast cancer patients.

From: Survival Comparisons Between Early Male and Female Breast Cancer Patients

Variable

Overall Survival

Univariate Analysis*

Multivariate Analysis†

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Year of diagnosis

1998–2000

Reference

0.66

Reference

0.17

2001–2003

0.90 (0.69, 1.16)

0.41

0.87 (0.67, 1.13)

0.30

204–2007

0.90 (0.69, 1.16)

0.41

0.78 (0.60, 1.01)

0.06

Age, years

<40

Reference

<0.001

Reference

<0.001

40–50

1.38 (0.53, 3.55)

0.51

1.00 (0.38, 2.61)

1.00

50–60

1.08 (0.43, 2.71)

0.87

0.90 (0.35, 2.27)

0.82

>60

3.53 (1.46, 8.53)

0.005

2.82 (1.14, 6.92)

0.02

Race/ethnic

White

Reference

0.11

Reference

0.02

Black

1.25 (0.92, 1.71)

0.15

1.45 (1.05, 2.00)

0.02

Othera

0.70 (0.42, 1.15)

0.15

0.68 (0.41, 1.12)

0.13

Marital status

Single

Reference

 

Reference

 

Married

0.56 (0.46, 0.69)

<0.001

0.55 (0.45, 0.67)

<0.001

AJCC T stage

T1mic/T1a/T1b

Reference

<0.001

Reference

<0.001

T1c

1.33 (0.95, 1.84)

0.10

1.28 (0.91, 1.79)

0.16

T2

2.42 (1.76, 3.32)

<0.001

2.09 (1.50, 2.91)

<0.001

AJCC N stage

N0

Reference

<0.001

Reference

<0.001

N1

1.42 (1.16, 1.73)

0.001

1.87 (1.50, 2.32)

<0.001

N2

1.70 (1.22, 2.35)

0.002

2.60 (1.80, 3.75)

<0.001

AJCC Stage

I

Reference

<0.001

\

\

IIa

1.55 (1.22, 1.97)

<0.001

\

\

IIb

2.58 (1.99, 3.35)

<0.001

\

\

IIIa

2.24 (1.59, 3.15)

<0.001

\

\

Histological type

Lobular

Reference

0.45

Reference

0.40

Ductal

0.30 (0.04, 2.10)

0.22

0.31 (0.04, 2.20)

0.24

Others

0.96 (0.73, 1.26)

0.75

1.10 (0.83, 1.46)

0.53

Grade

I

Reference

0.002

Reference

0.003

II

1.67 (1.22, 2.29)

0.002

1.69 (1.22, 2.35)

0.002

III

1.78 (1.28, 2.47)

0.001

1.81 (1.28, 2.55)

0.001

ER status

Negative

Reference

 

Reference

 

Positive

1.73 (0.98, 3.08)

0.06

1.51 (0.82, 2.81)

0.19

PR status

Negative

Reference

 

Reference

 

Positive

1.13 (0.86, 1.48)

0.38

1.09 (0.81, 1.47)

0.57

Surgery

No surgery

Reference

0.005

Reference

0.006

BCS

0.26 (0.11, 0.60)

0.002

0.37 (0.15, 0.92)

0.03

Mastectomy

0.26 (0.12, 0.59)

0.001

0.29 (0.12, 0.68)

0.005

Radiotherapy

No

Reference

 

Reference

 

Yes

0.80 (0.64, 1.00)

0.05

0.70 (0.55, 0.91)

0.007

Chemotherapy

No

Reference

 

Reference

 

Yes

0.59 (0.48, 0.72)

<0.001

0.54 (0.43. 0.69)

<0.001

  1. *Univariable Cox regression analysis.
  2. †Multivariate analysis adjusted by year of diagnosis, age of patients, race, marital status, AJCC T stage, AJCC N stage, status of ER and PR, histological type, nuclear grade, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.
  3. aAmerican Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander.
  4. Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; MBC, male breast cancer; FBC, female breast cancer; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer system; ER, estrogen-receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; BCS, breast conserving surgery.
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