Table 2 Gender differences in baseline characteristics and time-dependent metabolic outcomes among African-Americans with complete genetic, time-dependent metabolic data and baseline covariate data: HANDLS 2004–2009 and 2009–20131.
All | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 539) | (n = 230) | (n = 309) | ||||
Mean, % | SE | Mean, % | SE | Mean, % | SE | |
Socio-demographic and health characteristics, V1 | ||||||
Age (y) | 48.6 | 0.4 | 49.0 | 0.6 | 48.3 | 0.5 |
Men (%) | 42.7 | __ | __ | |||
Above poverty (%) | 52.5 | 54.8 | 50.8 | |||
Education (%) | ||||||
<High School | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.6 | |||
High School | 61.2 | 59.6 | 62.5 | |||
>High School | 34.9 | 36.1 | 34.0 | |||
Self-rated health (%) | ||||||
Poor/fair | 21.3 | 20.0 | 22.3 | |||
Good | 44.3 | 45.2 | 43.7 | |||
Very good/excellent | 34.3 | 34.8 | 34.0 | |||
Current smoker, yes (%) | 45.3 | 51.32 | 40.8 | |||
Current smoker, missing (%) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 5.8 | |||
Current illicit drug user, yes (%) | 18.6 | 23.92 | 14.6 | |||
Current illicit drug user, missing (%) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 5.8 | |||
Dietary intake and quality, V1 | ||||||
Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2,033 | 43 | 24082 | 74 | 1755 | 45.4 |
HEI-2010 | 42.8 | 0.5 | 41.72 | 0.7 | 43.7 | 0.6 |
Metabolic outcomes, V1, V2 | ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
V1 | 29.9 | 0.3 | 28.02 | 0.4 | 31.3 | 0.5 |
V2 | 30.5 | 0.3 | 28.32 | 0.4 | 32.2 | 0.5 |
Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||
V1 | 98.6 | 0.8 | 96.72 | 1.1 | 100.1 | 1.1 |
V2 | 102.3 | 0.7 | 100.12 | 1.0 | 103.9 | 1.1 |
SBP (mm Hg) | ||||||
V1 | 122.1 | 0.7 | 121.2 | 1.0 | 122.8 | 1.1 |
V2 | 124.8 | 0.8 | 123.02 | 1.2 | 126.2 | 1.1 |
DBP (mm Hg) | ||||||
V1 | 73.2 | 0.5 | 74.0 | 0.7 | 72.6 | 0.6 |
V2 | 71.9 | 0.4 | 72.7 | 0.7 | 71.2 | 0.5 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | ||||||
V1 | 55.0 | 0.7 | 51.52 | 1.1 | 57.7 | 1.0 |
V2 | 59.1 | 0.8 | 54.72 | 1.2 | 62.4 | 1.1 |
TA (mg/dL) | ||||||
V1 | 107.0 | 3.3 | 116.12 | 6.5 | 100.2 | 2.9 |
V2 | 110.8 | 2.6 | 113.9 | 4.3 | 108.5 | 3.1 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||
V1 | 104.1 | 1.7 | 108.52 | 3.1 | 100.8 | 1.8 |
V2 | 103.2 | 1.5 | 107.12 | 2.6 | 100.3 | 1.7 |
Metabolic disturbance, V1, V2, incident | ||||||
Obesity (%, BMI ≥ 30) | ||||||
V1 | 41.2 | 30.02 | 49.5 | |||
V2 | 46.8 | 33.92 | 56.3 | |||
Incident | 15.0 | 11.5 | 18.5 | |||
Central obesity (%)3 | ||||||
V1 | 57.7 | 36.52 | 73.5 | |||
V2 | 66.4 | 43.02 | 83.8 | |||
Incident | 31.7 | 21.72 | 49.4 | |||
MetS (%)4,5 | ||||||
V1 | 24.9 | 22.2 | 26.9 | |||
V2 | 22.8 | 18.72 | 25.9 | |||
Incident | 12.2 | 9.8 | 14.3 | |||
