Table 2 Outcomes according to respiratory management/surfactant administration.

From: Less invasive surfactant administration and complications of preterm birth

Clinical characteristics

No surfactant

LISA

Surfactant ETT

p*

Adjusted OR* (95% CI); p

Adjusted OR1–12 (95% CI); p

all

Number of infants

1214

2624

3695

   

7533

Clinical sepsis

27.4

34.9

46.3

<0.001

0.76 (0.68–0.85);

p<0.001

0.86 (0.74–0.99); p = 0.0481

39.3

Blood-culture proven sepsis

11.6

14.6

19.6

<0.001

0.87 (0.75–1.0)

p = 0.053

1.0 (0.83–1.21); p = 0.92

16.6

Pneumonia

2.0

4.7

8.0

<0.001

0.67 (0.54–0.84)

p = 0.001

0.68 (0.51–0.81); p = 0.0123

5.8

Intracerebral hemorrhage grade II-IV

4.8

12.9

24.3

<0.001

0.55 (0.48–0.64);

p<0.001

0.62 (0.53–0.73); p<0.0014

17.2

Periventricular leukomalacia

2.4

3.6

5.5

<0.001

0.72 (0.56–0.94);

p = 0.015

0.75 (0.56–1.01); p = 0.065

4.3

PDA, surgical ligation

2.9

4.0

9.8

<0.001

0.51 (0.41–0.65);

p<0.001

0.59 (0.44–0.74); p<0.0016

6.7

ROP requiring therapy (%)

2.4

4.3

8.5

<0.001

0.62 (0.45–0.85);

p = 0.003

0.67 (0.48–0.94); p = 0.0027

6.1

FIP requiring surgery (%)

1.2

4.3

4.0

0.5

1.49 (1.14–1.95);

p = 0.003

1.42 (1.06–1.89), p = 0.0188

3.7

NEC requiring surgery (%)

2.1

3.6

4.4

0.13

1.09 (0.83–1.43); p = 0.5

1.26 (0.94–1.68); p = 0.139

3.7

BPD (%)

12.2

21.6

37.6

<0.001

0.55 (0.49–0.62);

p<0.001

0.62 (0.54–0.72); p<0.00110

27.9

BPD or death (%)

13.7

24.5

43.9

<0.001

0.5 (0.44–0.57);

p<0.001

0.58 (0.5–0.67); p<0.00111

32.3

Death (%)

2.1

4.1

7.8

<0.001

0.66 (0.51–0.84);

p<0.001

0.76 (0.58–0.99); p = 0.03912

5.6

  1. p-values (LISA vs. Surfactant ETT) are derived from Pearson-chi2 test;
  2. *Adjusted OR indicate the effect of surfactant therapy LISA versus endotracheal tube (ETT) and were derived from multivariable logistic regression models including gestational age (per week), small-for-gestational age (SGA), gender, multiple birth, inborn, antenatal steroids, surfactant LISA or ETT.
  3. 1–12Adjusted ORs indicate the effect of surfactant therapy LISA versus ETT derived from regression models including known risk factors for the respective short term outcomes; specifically:
  4. 1, 2, 3gestational age (per week), SGA, gender, multiple birth, inborn, inotropes first 24 hours, amniotic infection syndrome, anhydramnios >5 days before birth, antenatal steroids, surfactant LISA or ETT.
  5. 4gestational age (per week), small-for-gestational age, gender, multiple birth, inborn, inotropes first 24 hours, amniotic infection syndrome, antenatal steroids, indomethacin prophylaxis, mode of delivery (spontaneous, elective Caesarean section, emergency Caesarean section), sepsis, surfactant LISA or ETT.
  6. 5gestational age (per week), small-for-gestational age, gender, multiple birth, inborn, inotropes first 24 hours, amniotic infection syndrome, antenatal steroids, surgery NEC or FIP, sepsis, surfactant LISA or ETT.
  7. 6,9gestational age (per week), small-for-gestational age, gender, multiple birth, inborn, inotropes first 24 hours, amniotic infection syndrome, antenatal steroids, surfactant LISA or ETT.
  8. 7, 10–12gestational age (per week), small-for-gestational age, gender, multiple birth, inborn, inotropes first 24 hours, amniotic infection syndrome, antenatal steroids, surgery NEC or FIP, sepsis, surfactant LISA or ETT.
  9. 8gestational age (per week), small-for-gestational age, gender, multiple birth, inborn, inotropes first 24 hours, amniotic infection syndrome, antenatal steroids, postnatal steroids, PDA treatment with indomethacin or ibuprofen, surfactant LISA or ETT.
Back to article page