Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Subjects by Tertile Distribution of Serum N1-methylnicotinamide.
From: Serum N1-methylnicotinamide is Associated with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Chinese
Characteristics | Tertile 1 (n = 88) | Tertile 2 (n = 88) | Tertile 3 (n = 89) | P for ANOVA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N1-methylnicotinamide, ng/ml | 3.28 (2.22–4.03) | 6.79 (5.73–8.00)† | 12.17 (11.14–16.55)‡ | <0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 51 (58.0) | 46 (52.3) | 48 (53.9) | 0.74 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 25 (28.4) | 20 (22.7) | 24 (27.0) | 0.67 |
Alcohol intake, n (%) | 17 (19.3) | 18 (20.5) | 19 (21.4) | 0.95 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 64 (72.7) | 66 (75.0) | 58 (65.2) | 0.32 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 17 (19.3) | 27 (30.7) | 36 (40.5)† | 0.009 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 46 (52.3) | 60 (68.2)* | 16 (82.0)‡ | <0.001 |
Antihypertensive treatment, n (%) | 57 (64.8) | 58 (65.9) | 53 (59.6) | 0.65 |
Antihyperglycemic treatment, n (%) | 14 (15.9) | 21 (23.9) | 29 (32.6)† | 0.03 |
Age, years | 65.0 ± 9.0 | 64.9 ± 10.4 | 67.5 ± 12.0 | 0.19 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.2 ± 3.4 | 25.1 ± 3.3 | 25.3 ± 3.4 | 0.10 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 138.4 ± 18.0 | 137.0 ± 17.1 | 135.0 ± 20.4 | 0.47 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 82.9 ± 11.4 | 81.9 ± 10.7 | 80.5 ± 13.2 | 0.38 |
Heart rate, beats per minute | 67.3 ± 9.8 | 67.9 ± 9.7 | 71.0 ± 12.1 | 0.10 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.08 ± 0.87 | 4.07 ± 0.90 | 4.16 ± 1.45 | 0.84 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.26 ± 0.33 | 1.16 ± 0.2* | 1.11 ± 0.3‡ | 0.002 |
Total/HDL cholesterol ratio | 3.36 ± 0.83 | 3.61 ± 1.06 | 3.90 ± 1.33† | 0.005 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.52 ± 1.36 | 5.80 ± 1.59 | 6.03 ± 2.02 | 0.13 |
γ-glutamyltransferase, units/L | 21.5 (14.5–30.5) | 19.5 (13.0–34.6) | 22.0 (15.0–43.0) | 0.17 |
Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 79.8 ± 24.7 | 81.7 ± 27.2 | 89.0 ± 28.6 | 0.11 |
eGFR, ml/(min• 1.73 m2) | 81.4 ± 17.0 | 79.5 ± 17.4 | 74.8 ± 22.6 | 0.06 |
Left ventricular structure | ||||
Left ventricular mass index, g/m2 | 93.8 ± 22.1 | 92.7 ± 23.7 | 101.8 ± 29.2* | 0.03 |
Hypertrophy, n (%) | 10 (11.4) | 10 (11.4) | 21 (23.6)* | 0.03 |
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, cm | 4.68 ± 0.45 | 4.74 ± 0.57 | 4.93 ± 0.79† | 0.02 |
Relative wall thickness | 0.39 ± 0.06 | 0.38 ± 0.06 | 0.38 ± 0.08 | 0.33 |
Systolic function | ||||
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 62.3 ± 4.3 | 61.1 ± 8.2 | 58.3 ± 11.1† | 0.005 |
Preload recruitable stroke work, g/m2 | 86.6 ± 13.7 | 85.7 ± 14.6 | 78.6 ± 16.9‡ | <0.001 |
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction, n (%) | 1 (1.1) | 8 (9.1) | 15 (16.9)‡ | 0.001 |
Diastolic function | ||||
E peak, cm/s | 69.3 ± 21.1 | 69.2 ± 19.6 | 67.1 ± 18.9 | 0.75 |
E/A ratio | 0.86 ± 0.28 | 0.86 ± 0.30 | 0.84 ± 0.36 | 0.88 |
