Table 2 The parameters that evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness for wave modulating.

From: Design of Phase Gradient Coding Metasurfaces for Broadband Wave Modulating

Array

Expected direction

Optimized direction

Sequence length (bit)

Convergence generation

Consumed time (sec)

8 × 8

60°

53°

192

390

3.7

20 × 20

60°

57°

600

2637

116.2

40 × 40

60°

59°

4800

9434

2264.1