Figure 1

The schema of the first experiment. Treatment was conducted on four groups of bees, individually, once per day for five consecutive days. Depending on the group and the day, there was either 30 ml of water or ethanol in the treatment column. After treatment, each individual bee was transferred into the test Petri dish with markings on top. There, its motor performance was assessed for two minutes (i.e., the number of markings crossed).