Table 1 Selected candidate reference genes, their corresponding product name, primer sequences (annealing temperature of 60 °C), amplicon size in base pairs (bp), their respective PCR amplification efficiencies and the mean CT values(±standard deviation) assessed in K. pneumoniae cells submitted to various experimental conditions and at different phases of growth.

From: Selection and validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in Klebsiella pneumoniae using Reverse Transcription Quantitative real-time PCR

Genes

Product Name

Forward and Reverse primer sequences (5′ > 3′)

Amplicon size

R2

E (%)

Mean CT ± SD

proC

Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase

GATTGCCGATATCGTCTTCG

GAGACCACCAGCGACTCTTT

99 bp

0.989

83.4

24.91 ± 0.62

glnA

Glutamine synthetase

GAAGGCGGTAACAAAGGTCA

TACACATGGTGGAACGGATG

97 bp

0.988

98.2

23.79 ± 1.19

gyrA

DNA gyrase subunit A

GTGACCCGTCGTACGATTTT

GATAATCGGGTCGATGTTGG

99 bp

0.987

96.6

24.45 ± 1.10

recA

Recombinase A

TTAAACAGGCCGAATTCCAG

CCGCTTTCTCAATCAGCTTC

99 bp

0.989

92.1

22.40 ± 0.61

rpoD

RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD

TCCGGTGCATATGATTGAGA

ATACGCTCAGCCAGCTCTTC

105 bp

0.989

87.5

25.05 ± 0.80

rho

Transcription termination factor Rho

AACTACGACAAGCCGGAAAA

ACCGTTACCACGCTCCATAC

99 bp

0.998

92.4

23.92 ± 0.90

rpoC

DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta’

TATTCTGGTTCCACGCAACA

GGATACAACGGAACGCACTT

97 bp

0.969

91.2

23.28 ± 0.88

rrsH

16S ribosomal RNA

GACGATCCCTAGCTGGTCTG

GTGCAATATTCCCCACTGCT

95 bp

0.957

94.2

10.60 ± 0.55

aat

Leucyl/phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase

CTGGATAACCAGCAGTATCGTTC

GTACATTCCACCTACCAGCGTATT

106 bp

0.994

84.1

38.83 ± 1.55

ffh

Signal recognition particle protein

GCTAAGCCGGAAATCATCAA

ATGTCGTCGAACTGCTTGAG

104 bp

0.986

97.2

23.93 ± 1.39

trpS

Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase II

GCCACTGTAAGGCGCTACTC

GCCGATAACGTCAGCGTATT

100 bp

0.992

87.1

29.14 ± 1.50

  1. R2: Correlation coefficient; E: PCR efficiency (%); S.D.: standard deviation.