Figure 1
From: Gallic acid improves cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in pressure overload-induced heart failure
Gallic acid improves cardiac dysfunction in mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure. Heart failure was induced 8 weeks after TAC surgery in mice, after which they were administered either gallic acid (100 mg/kg/day), losartan (3 mg/kg/day), carvedilol (1 mg/kg/day), or furosemide (3 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. (A) Representative B-mode and M-mode echocardiograms 10 weeks after TAC surgery: sham (n = 12), TAC (n = 16), TAC + gallic acid (n = 13), TAC + losartan (n = 10), TAC + carvedilol (n = 11), and TAC + furosemide (n = 6); (B) left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD); (C) left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD); and (D) fractional shortening (FS, %); (E) Heart weight to body weight (mg/g) ratio at 10 weeks after sham or TAC treatment with drugs. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus the sham group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001 versus the TAC group; NS: not significant.
