Figure 1
Bubble cavitation in water. Snapshots of initial stages in bubble formation and development using ultrashort (fs) and short (ps) Bessel pulses, in tight focusing configuration (θ = 16.5°), observed in transverse OTM. (a,b) The cavity development for the ultrashort pulse case. (a) OTM UFD cavitation snapshots observed at 17.5 ns time delay showing the typical stability of cavity development for the ultrashort pulse case (60 fs). A short 400 nm probe was used. The input energy is 5 μJ, above the cavitation threshold (Eth1 = 0.6 μJ). (b) The cavity aspect at 100 ns time delay for the respective pulse duration and energy (OTM MSD mode). (c) The cavity development for the short pulse case (5 ps) in OTM UFD . The input energy is 5 μJ, above the cavitation threshold at this pulse duration (Eth2 = 3.5 μJ). The ps irradiation generates more uniform cavitation events with respect to the ultrashort pulse case, due to a better regulated nonlinear interaction. (d) The cavity aspect at 100 ns time delay for the respective pulse duration and energy (OTM MSD mode).
