Figure 1

Principal component analysis score plot. (a) No significant differences were found between the neck-specific exercise (NSE) group (n = 13, yellow squares) and the waiting list (WL) group (n = 13, blue squares) at baseline (p = 0.24). (b) Significant differences were found between the two groups at 3 months (p < 0.03). In the NSE group (yellow squares), seven individuals were positioned more to the left in the model, indicating a ventral neck muscle pattern similar to that of the neck muscle interaction model of healthy controls developed in an earlier study16.