Figure 4

Ultrasound measurement. (a) Ultrasound imaging of ventral neck muscles during arm elevation. The individual held a 0.5 kg (women) or 1 kg (men) weight in the right hand and raised their arm to 90 degrees. An adjustable horizontal bar was fixed with the index finger touching the bar and customized contact switches attached to the individual’s hip and wrist. The contact switches allowed synchronization between the ultrasonography data and arm elevation. The segmental level was verified with a transverse ultrasound projection of the bifurcation of the carotid artery, commonly observed at the C4 level. (b) The transducer was then rotated 90° and orientated longitudinally to the ventral neck muscles.