Figure 5

The deformation area in three ventral neck muscles during one arm elevation in a single participant. The y-axis is the deformation in percentage (%) and the x-axis is the the time in seconds. Each line indicates the changes in the ROI (deformation %) of one muscle during one arm elevation: m. sternocleidomastoid, SCM (blue line); m. longus capitis, Lcap (black line); and m. longus colli, Lco (red line). The negative values (area below zero) are muscle shortening and the positive values (area above zero) muscle elongation. The sum of the negative and positive areas is the total area and denotes the total muscle deformation. The muscle switches from shortening to elongation when the line crosses zero, and vice versa.