Table 3 Participant characteristics.

From: Neck-specific exercise improves impaired interactions between ventral neck muscles in chronic whiplash: A randomized controlled ultrasound study

Characteristic

NSE (N = 13)

WL (N = 13)

p

Gender; (number; female/male)

10/3

11/2

0.99

WAD grade II/III (number)

10/3

6/7

0.23

Age (year)

41 (30–48)

40 (27–47)

0.53

Injury durationa

18 (14–26)

20 (11–27)

0.87

BMIb

25 (22–30)

23 (20–29)

0.52

Physical activity levelc

2 (2–3.75)

3 (2–3)

0.89

Neck Disability Index (0–100%)d

30 (23–39)

28 (23–35)

0.56

Neck pain now (VAS 0–100)e

27 (13–63)

47 (17–61)

0.73

Neck pain worst (VAS 0–100)f

68 (46–77)

70 (50–87)

0.51

  1. aMonths since whiplash injury, median (range).
  2. bBody Mass Index (BMI; median (range)).
  3. cActivity index of physical activity level last 12 months (1 = inactivity, 2 = low activity, 3 = moderate activity, 4 = high activity).
  4. dNeck Disability Index Score (0–100%) 10 items, higher scores representing higher disability, median (range). Minimal disability (0–20%), moderate disability (21–40%), severe disability (41–60%), crippled (61–80%) bed bound (81–100%).
  5. eVisual Analogue Scale (VAS), neck pain now 0–100 mm, higher rating representing higher pain intensity, median (range).
  6. fVisual Analogue Scale (VAS), average worst neck pain last week 0–100 mm, higher rating representing higher pain intensity, median (range).
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