Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of subjects.

Number of subjects

400

659

—

Age, mean ± SD (years)

36.33 ± 12.99

36.76 ± 11.40

0.586

Male (%)/Female (%)

41 (10.25)/359 (89.75)

70 (10.62)/589(89.38)

0.848

Disease duration (months)

36.00 (5.25–84.00)

—

—

SLEDAI, mean ± SD

15.51 ± 7.54

—

—

Arthritis (N(%))

103 (25.75%)

—

—

Proteinuria (N(%))

340 (85.00%)

—

—

Malar rash (N(%))

159 (39.75%)

—

—

Pleuritis (N(%))

125 (31.25%)

—

—

Pericarditis (N(%))

125 (31.25%)

—

—

Neurological disorder(N(%))

46 (11.50%)

—

—

Haematological disorder (N(%))

129 (32.25%)

—

—

Lupus nephritis (N(%))

254 (63.50%)

—

—

ANA-positive (N(%))

386 (96.50%)

—

—

dsDNA-positive (N(%))

260 (65.00%)

—

—

Sm-positive (N(%))

175 (43.75%)

—

—