Figure 1

Individual and combined associations of birth weight for gestational age and child sleep duration with child SBP percentile and elevated SBP (SBP ≥75th percentile) in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). (a) The y-axis represents least square means and 95% CI of child SBP percentiles, as estimated using a generalized linear model with adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, Haitian, others), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (continuous), maternal hypertensive disorder (yes vs. no), maternal diabetes (yes vs. no) and sleep duration. (b) The y-axis represents adjusted probabilities and 95%CI of child elevated SBP, as estimated using a Poisson regression model with adjustment for the previously mentioned covariates (a). (a,b) The X-axis represents birth weight for gestational age categories; SGA: small for gestational age; LGA: large for gestational age; AGA: appropriate for gestational age. (c) The y-axis represents least square means and 95% CI of child SBP percentiles, as estimated using a generalized linear model with adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, Haitian, others), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (continuous), maternal hypertensive disorder (yes vs. no), maternal diabetes (yes vs. no) and birth weight for gestational age. (d) The y-axis represents adjusted probabilities and 95% CI of child elevated SBP, as estimated using a Poisson regression model with adjustment for the previously mentioned covariates (c). (c,d) The X-axis represents sleep duration categories; Sleep duration tertiles were specific for age (based on sleep questionnaire visit age) and sex: tertile 1(T1) represents “short” sleep duration; tertile 2 (T2) represents “medium” sleep duration; and tertile 3 (T3) represents “long” sleep duration. (e) The y-axis represents least square means and 95%CI of child SBP percentiles, as estimated using a generalized linear model with adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, Haitian, others), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (continuous), maternal hypertensive disorder (yes vs. no) and maternal diabetes (yes vs. no). P for interaction between birthweight for gestational age and sleep duration on SBP percentiles: 0.087 (f) The y-axis represents adjusted probabilities and 95%CI of child elevated SBP, as estimated using a Poisson regression model with adjustment for the previously mentioned covariates (e). P for interaction between birthweight for gestational age and sleep duration on elevated SBP: 0.0056.