Table 1 Characteristics of mothers and children in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) according to birth weight for gestational age categories and nighttime sleep duration tertiles (from lowest tertile [T1] to highest tertile [T3]).

From: The Joint Association of Small for Gestational Age and Nighttime Sleep with Blood Pressure in Childhood

Variables

Small for Gestational Age

Appropriate for Gestational Age

Large for Gestational Age

Nighttime Sleep Duration Tertiles

Nighttime Sleep Duration Tertiles

Nighttime Sleep Duration Tertiles

Short (T1)

Medium (T2)

Long (T3)

Short (T1)

Medium (T2)

Long (T3)

Short (T1)

Medium (T2)

Long (T3)

Number

39

60

55

305

294

304

42

48

31

Maternal Characteristics

Race, n. (%)

  Black

21 (53.9)

27 (45.0)

25 (45.5)

141 (46.2)

117 (39.8)

106 (34.9)

20 (47.6)

22 (45.8)

9 (29.0)

  Hispanic

5 (12.8)

9 (15.0)

15 (27.3)

52 (17.1)

60 (20.4)

57 (18.8)

7 (16.7)

4 (8.3)

8 (25.8)

  Haitian

6 (15.4)

9 (15.0)

7 (12.7)

74 (24.3)

63 (21.4)

86 (28.3)

9 (21.4)

13 (27.1)

6 (19.4)

  Other

7(18.0)

15 (25.0)

8 (14.6)

38 (12.5)

54 (18.4)

55 (18.1)

6 (14.3)

9 (18.8)

8 (25.8)

Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2

25.1 (5.9)

25.7 (8.5)

25.4 (6.4)

27.0 (6.6)

27.4 (7.0)

26.2 (5.9)

30.4 (8.5)

29.1 (6.1)

29.7 (6.3)

Maternal Diabetes n. (%)

4 (10.3)

6 (10.0)

3 (5.5)

29 (9.5)

34 (11.6)

32 (10.5)

11 (26.2)

18 (37.5)

8 (25.8)

Maternal Hypertensive Disorder, n. (%)

9 (23.1)

13 (21.7)

17 (30.9)

49 (16.1)

46 (15.7)

50 (16.5)

9 (21.4)

10 (20.8)

5 (16.1)

Children Characteristics

Age, years

6.9 (2.0)

7.4 (2.1)

7.2 (2.0)

6.8 (2.1)

6.8 (2.1)

7.0 (2.1)

7.1 (2.0)

6.6 (2.2)

7.1 (2.3)

Boys, n. (%)

15 (38.5)

33 (55.0)

30 (54.6)

158 (51.8)

149 (50.7)

154 (50.7)

21 (50.0)

22 (45.8)

16 (51.6)

Birthweight (g)

2284.1 (518.2)

2354.0 (420.1)

2222.5 (573.7)

2891.1 (760.6)

2934.5 (778.0)

2933.6 (709.4)

3804.0 (698.4)

3935.5 (614.0)

3994.4 (485.4)

Low birthweight n. (%)

23 (59.0)

38 (63.3)

35 (63.6)

68 (22.3)

59 (20.1)

62 (20.4)

2 (4.8)

2 (4.2)

1 (3.2)

Gestational age(week)

38.1 (2.3)

38.6 (2.0)

37.8 (3.0)

37.6 (3.7)

37.8 (3.8)

37.8 (3.4)

37.9 (3.1)

38.4 (2.9)

38.5 (2.2)

Preterm birth, n. (%)

8 (20.5)

8 (13.3)

14 (25.5)

78 (25.6)

75 (25.5)

81 (26.6)

13 (31.0)

11 (22.9)

7 (22.6)

BMI z-score

0.26 (1.34)

0.40 (1.42)

0.10 (1.55)

0.80 (1.17)

0.80 (1.25)

0.82 (1.28)

1.53 (0.88)

1.25 (1.30)

1.15 (0.99)

Weight z-score

0.02 (1.29)

0.22 (1.30)

-0.16 (1.75)

0.82 (1.20)

0.88 (1.20)

0.86 (1.22)

1.58 (0.91)

1.57 (1.07)

1.24 (1.06)

SBP percentiles

67.8 (25.5)

57.3 (25.3)

56.1 (22.0)

55.7 (25.4)

59.3 (24.2)

55.5 (25.1)

55.4 (27.1)

53.7 (23.9)

52.6 (25.6)

Elevated SBP n. (%)

20 (51.3)

19 (31.7)

12 (21.8)

82 (26.9)

91 (31.0)

84 (27.6)

12 (28.6)

9 (18.8)

6 (19.4)

  1. BMI: Body Mass Index; Data are shown as mean (standard deviation, SD) or n (%). Sleep duration tertiles were specific for age (based on sleep questionnaire visit age) and sex: tertile 1 (T1) represents “short” sleep duration; tertile 2 (T2) represents “medium” sleep duration; and tertile 3 (T3) represents “long” sleep duration.
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