Table 3 The combined association of birth weight for gestational age and child sleep duration on child SBP percentile and elevated SBP (SBP ≥75%) in children from the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC)

From: The Joint Association of Small for Gestational Age and Nighttime Sleep with Blood Pressure in Childhood

 

N

Child SBP percentile

 

Child elevated SBP

 

Mean (SD)

Model 1

Model 2

Case, No (%)

Model 1

Model 2

ß (95%CI)

ß (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

Combined effect of birth weight for gestational age and sleep duration on blood pressure

SGA

Short (T1)

39

67.8 (25.5)

0

 

20 (51.3)

1

 

Medium (T2)

60

57.3 (25.3)

−10.07 (−20.00, −0.15)*

−9.44 (−19.31,0.43)

19 (31.7)

0.64 (0.40, 1.02)

0.64 (0.40,1.04)

Long (T3)

55

56.1 (22.0)

−11.34 (−21.44, −1.24)*

−9.88 (−19.94,0.17)

12 (21.8)

0.43 (0.24,0.76)†

0.45 (0.25,0.79)†

AGA

Short (T1)

305

55.7 (25.4)

−12.29 (−20.51, −4.08)†

−12.98 (−21.21, −4.75)†

82 (26.9)

0.53 (0.37,0.75)†

0.51 (0.35,0.72)†

Medium (T2)

294

59.3 (24.2)

−8.79 (−17.03, −0.55)*

−9.11 (−17.36, −0.86)*

91 (31.0)

0.61 (0.43,0.86)†

0.59 (0.42,0.83)†

Long (T3)

304

55.5 (25.1)

−12.16 (−20.37, −3.94)†

−12.77 (−21.00, −4.54)†

84 (27.6)

0.56 (0.39,0.79)†

0.53 (0.37,0.76)†

LGA

Short (T1)

42

55.4 (27.1)

−14.69 (−25.52, −3.86)†

−16.86 (−27.69, −6.03)†

12 (28.6)

0.49 (0.27,0.87)*

0.43 (0.24,0.77)†

Medium (T2)

48

53.7 (23.9)

−15.75 (−26.23, −5.28)†

−17.35 (−27.81, −6.89)†

9 (18.8)

0.35 (0.18,0.67)†

0.31 (0.16,0.60)†

Long (T3)

31

52.6 (25.6)

−16.53 (−28.20, −4.86)†

−17.64 (−29.26, −6.03)†

6 (19.4)

0.38 (0.17, 0.81)*

0.35 (0.16,0.76)†

Stratified by birth weight for gestational age

    

SGA

Short (T1)

39

67.8 (25.5)

0

 

20 (51.3)

1

 

Medium (T2)

60

57.3 (25.3)

−10.43 (−19.91, −0.95)*

−9.59 (−19.11, −0.06)*

19 (31.7)

0.62 (0.37,1.03)

0.66 (0.39,1.09)

Long (T3)

55

56.1 (22.0)

−12.28 (−22.00, −2.57)*

−11.35 (−21.13, −1.57)*

12 (21.8)

0.44 (0.25,0.79)†

0.47 (0.27,0.82)*

1-hour increment in sleep duration

−3.74 (−7.12, −0.36)*

−3.42 (−6.83, −0.02)*

 

0.76 (0.63,0.91)†

0.78 (0.65,0.93)†

AGA

Short (T1)

305

55.7 (25.4)

0

 

82 (26.9)

1

 

Medium (T2)

294

59.3 (24.2)

3.49 (−0.48,7.45)

3.86 (−0.07,7.78)

91 (31.0)

1.15 (0.90,1.48)

1.17 (0.91,1.50)

Long (T3)

304

55.5 (25.1)

0.17 (−3.77, 4.12)

0.23 (−3.66,4.13)

84 (27.6)

1.06 (0.82,1.37)

1.06 (0.82,1.37)

1-hour increment in sleep duration

−0.48 (−1.68,0.72)

−0.40 (−1.58,0.79)

 

0.99 (0.91,1.07)

0.99 (0.92,1.07)

LGA

Short (T1)

42

55.4 (27.1)

0

0

12 (28.6)

1

 

Medium (T2)

48

53.7 (23.9)

−2.39 (−12.21, 7.43)

−1.98 (−11.80,7.85)

9 (18.8)

0.64 (0.30,1.38)

0.64 (0.29,1.40)

Long (T3)

31

52.6 (25.6)

−0.25 (−11.20, 10.70)

0.34 (−10.65,11.33)

6 (19.4)

0.86 (0.38,1.94)

0.86 (0.38,1.93)

1-hour increment in sleep duration

0.18 (−3.82, 4.17)

0.35 (−3.64, 4.35)

 

0.89 (0.66,1.20)

0.89 (0.65,1.21)

  1. Model 1: adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, Haitian, others), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (continuous), maternal hypertensive disorder (yes vs. no) and maternal diabetes (yes vs. no); Model 2: Model 1 with children BMI z score; *P < 0.05; †P < 0.01; P for interaction between birthweight for gestational age and sleep duration on elevated SBP: 0.0056. P for interaction between birthweight for gestational age and sleep duration on SBP percentiles: 0.087.
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