Figure 4
From: Keratinocyte differentiation induces APOBEC3A, 3B, and mitochondrial DNA hypermutation
A3A and A3B hypermutated mitochondrial DNA. W12 cells were transfected with expression vectors for GFP, A3A, and HA-A3B, and cultivated in maintenance medium for 48 h. (a) The ectopic expression of transgenes was validated by western blotting. GAPDH served as a loading control. (b) Total DNAs were subjected to 3D-PCR analysis targeting COI. (c,d) PCR products amplified at a denaturing temperature of 84.5 °C or lower were sequenced (c); the dinucleotide preferences of G-to-A mutations are summarized (d). The P-values were calculated by chi-square test. ***P < 0.005.
