Figure 2
From: Reciprocal cross-species induction of outer membrane vesicle biogenesis via secreted factors
Cultures of (A) E. coli, (B) K. pneumoniae, and (C) P. mirabilis were grown to early stationary phase as described in Materials and Methods. Cells were then removed and exposed to exogenous PQS for 2 hours in fresh defined medium. OMVs were harvested by filtration (0.45 μm) followed by ultracentrifugation, then analyzed by NTA. (D) Fold increase in OMV production for all Gammaproteobacteria in the presence of exogenous PQS (relative to 0 µM PQS for each corresponding strain). (E) Relative fold increase of OMV production in response to PQS as measured by lipid assay. Exogenous [PQS] in “+PQS” = 6.7 ± 1.4 µM. EC = E. coli, KP = K. pneumoniae, PM = P. mirabilis. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-tailed Student t-Test. (****p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01, n = 4, E. coli n = 5).
