Table 1 Study population baseline characteristics.

Age (years): median (IQR)

60 (46–69)

64 (55–72)

37 (25–52)

  Male: n (%)

2,399 (52%)

1,862 (54%)

537 (47%)

  Female: n (%)

2,203 (48%)

1,592 (46%)

611 (53%)

  Australia: n (%)

2,709 (65%)

1,820 (59%)

889 (83%)

  Overseas: n (%)

1,428 (35%)

1,240 (41%)

188 (17%)

Underweight (<18.5 kg/m²): n (%)

26 (<1%)

4 (<1%)

22 (2%)

Healthy weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m²): n (%)

734 (18%)

314 (10%)

420 (42%)

Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m²): n (%)

1,170 (28%)

855 (27%)

315 (31%)

Obese (30–39.9 kg/m²): n (%)

1,672 (40%)

1,446 (46%)

226 (22%)

Morbidly obese (≥40 kg/m²): n (%)

535 (13%)

509 (16%)

26 (3%)

Diabetes duration (years): median (IQR)

13 (7–20)

12 (6–20)

16 (8–27)

  DCSI score 0: n (%)

1,608 (34%)

998 (29%)

610 (52%)

  DCSI score 1–2: n (%)

1,619 (35%)

1,294 (37%)

325 (28%)

  DCSI score 3–4: n (%)

845 (18%)

721 (21%)

124 (11%)

  DCSI score ≥ 5: n (%)

598 (13%)

483 (14%)

115 (10%)

Never: n (%)

2,152 (54%)

1,515 (51%)

637 (62%)

Ever (current or past): n (%)

1,859 (46%)

1,461 (49%)

398 (38%)

  Current: n (%)

568 (14%)

396 (13%)

172 (17%)

  Past: n (%)

1,291 (32%)

1,065 (36%)

226 (22%)

Insulin: n (%)

3,280 (70%)

2,120 (61%)

1,160 (99%)

Lipid-lowering medication(s): n (%)

2,862 (62%)

2,534 (73%)

328 (28%)

Antihypertensive medication(s): n (%)

2,903 (64%)

2,583 (76%)

320 (28%)

HbA1c (%): mean ± SD

8.3 ± 1.8

8.2 ± 1.8

8.5 ± 1.8

LDL-Ch (mmol/L): mean ± SD

2.2 ± 1.2

2.1 ± 1.2

2.5 ± 0.9

SBP (mmHg): mean ± SD

131 ± 19

133 ± 19

124 ± 17

Severe hypo (≥1 episode in previous year): n (%)

269 (6%)

125 (4%)

144 (13%)