Figure 5

Redundancy analysis (RDA) of microbial indices (red hollow triangles) or litter physicochemical properties (blue lines) with the ordination scores of seven biomarker classes in the LF (a) and H (b) layers. The microbial indices are total bacteria (TB), total fungi (TF), gram-positive bacteria (G+), gram-negative bacteria (G−), fungi to bacteria ratio (F:B), ratio of gram-negative bacteria to gram-positive bacteria (G−:G+) and PLFA microbial biomass (MB). SOC, soil organic carbon; TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; MC, moisture content; Cel, cellulose concentration; and Lig, lignin concentration.