Figure 4
From: A protonic biotransducer controlling mitochondrial ATP synthesis
Control of ATP synthesis in mitochondria with pH modulation. (a) Schematic of the pH modulator integrated with the mitochondria. (b) ATP synthesis in mitochondria in pH 7.4 and pH 8.3 buffer solutions including 1 mM ADP and 1 mM Pi. For comparison, the data includes experiments with oligomycin, which is an inhibitor of ATP synthase. The oligomycin results represent the baseline ATP production rate without ATP synthase. ATP product was expressed as luminescence intensity. (c) ATP synthesis rate in mitochondria is controlled by pH modulator in pH 8.3 buffer solution. At t = 0 min, 1 mM ADP and 1 mM Pi were injected into the solution. At t = 5, 15 and 25 min, Vr pulse for H+ injection was applied for 5 min to SPA electrode. The data include the synthesis rate in pH 7.4 and pH 8.3 buffer solutions. The rate of ATP synthesis at t = 0 min in pH 7.4 buffer solution is normalized to 1.
