Table 2 Lifestyle determinants of BMD using multiple linear regression analysis.

From: A profiling analysis of contributions of cigarette smoking, dietary calcium intakes, and physical activity to fragility fracture in the elderly

Predictor

Femoral neck (FN) BMDa

Lumbar spine (LS) BMD

Coefficient ± SEb

P-valueb

Coefficient ± SE

P-value

Men

Dietary calcium intakes

0.013 ± 0.005

0.003

0.029 ± 0.007

<0.001

Physical activity index

0.008 ± 0.003

0.022

−0.007 ± 0.005

0.166

Smoking Packyears

−0.013 ± 0.003

<0.001

−0.016 ± 0.005

0.001

Max alcohol intake

0.005 ± 0.003

0.088

0.001 ± 0.004

0.744

LRSc

0.085 ± 0.017

<0.001

0.097 ± 0.017

<0.001

Women

Dietary calcium intakes

0.017 ± 0.003

<0.001

0.007 ± 0.004

0.119

Physical activity index

0.029 ± 0.005

<0.001

0.013 ± 0.007

0.044

Smoking Packyears

−0.016 ± 0.005

0.001

−0.005 ± 0.007

0.445

Max alcohol intake

0.035 ± 0.007

<0.001

0.045 ± 0.010

<0.001

LRSc

0.088 ± 0.010

<0.001

0.089 ± 0.035

0.012

  1. aBMD: Bone mineral density. LRS: Lifestyle Risk Score.
  2. bSE: standard error. P-value is for the coeffiecients in the linear regression analysis.
  3. cI(LRS/0.1). Notes: Lifestyle predictors are normalized using zscores. Coefficients of linear regression are adjusted by age and body mass index.
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