Table 1 Elemental composition obtained from EDS point and area analysis performed in specific layers and phases of the cross-section, 10 μm deep, provided by the FIB-FESEM trenches on the most representative Antoninianus silver coins.
From: FIB-FESEM and EMPA results on Antoninianus silver coins for manufacturing and corrosion processes
Sample | Composition (wt%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ag | Cu | Sn | Pb | Others | ||
Coin A | (Area α, Fig. 4c) | 6.32 | 86.01 | 2.34 | 1.55 | 1.80(C), 0.43(O), 0.08(Si), 1.47(Ga) |
(Area β, Fig. 4c) | 48.66 | 29.51 | 2.06 | 3.15 | 7.19(C), 4.01(O), 0.37(Si), 0.85(Cl), 4.12(Ga) | |
Coin B | (Area ι, Fig. 4h) | 2.09 | 94.08 | 1.55(C), 1.00(O), 0.18(Fe), 1.10(Ga) | ||
(Area κ1, Fig. 4h) | 76.8 | 19.38 | 1.5(C), 1.46(O), 0.86(Ga) | |||
(Area κ2, Fig. 4h) | 55.55 | 36.93 | 1.48 | 1.80(C), 2.11(O), 2.13(Ga) | ||
(Area υ, Fig. 4h) | 65.48 | 16.62 | 9.80(C), 4.60(O), 0.49(S), 1.87(Cl), 0.63(K), 0.53(Ca) | |||
Coin C | (Area λ, Fig. 4b) | 1.45 | 97.07 | 1.48(C) | ||
(Area μ, Fig. 4b) | 55.27 | 37.86 | 2.99(C), 1.10(O), 0.21(S), 0.26(Cl), 2.30 (Zn) | |||
(Area ν, Fig. 4b) | 37.54 | 51.15 | 5.25(C), 2.44(O), 1.48(S), 2.14(Cl) | |||
(Area ϖ, Fig. 4b) | 9.22 | 34.88 | 42.11(C), 10.16(O), 0.26(Si), 0.09(P), 0.68(S), 1.55(Cl), 0.30(P), 0.57(Fe), 1.20(Ga) | |||
Coin D | (Area ξ, Fig. 4i) | 3.28 | 89.89 | 0.98 | 1.74 | 2.39(C), 1.72(O) |
(Area ο, Fig. 4i) | 51.33 | 42.33 | 0.97 | 1.15 | 1.51(C), 1.85(O), 0.86(Ga) | |
(Area π1, Fig. 4i) | 5.51 | 78.09 | 1.03 | 2.40 | 8.54(C), 4.18(O), 0.11(Si), 0.14(Cl) | |
(Area π2, Fig. 4i) | 2.70 | 34.18 | 22.69 | 33.25 | 3.91(C), 3.27(O) | |
Coin F | (Area γ, Fig. 4a) | 12.95 | 83.47 | 1.59 | 0.29(O), 1.69(Ga) | |
(Area δ, Fig. 4a) | 79.96 | 20.04 | ||||
(Area ω1, Fig. 4a) | 63.86 | 19.38 | 12.97 | 2.59(O), 1.20(Fe) | ||
(Area ω2, Fig. 4a) | 86.95 | 11.59 | 1.46 | |||
Coin H | (Area ρ, Fig. 4g) | 5.16 | 93.09 | 0.85(O), 0.90(Ga) | ||
(Area ς1, Fig. 4g) | 59.03 | 33.23 | 5.14 | 1.72(O), 0.89(Ga) | ||
(Area ς2, Fig. 4g) | 2.75 | 95.07 | 1.91 | 0.27(O) | ||
(Area σ, Fig. 4g) | 19.18 | 53.50 | 4.67 | 13.75(O), 1.92(Al), 3.29(Si), 0.45(Cl), 0.92(K), 0.55(Ca), 1.15(Fe) | ||
Sev1 | (Area τ, Fig. 4b) | 22.17 | 44.38 | 5.42 | 15.53(C), 4.49(O), 0.44(S), 0.81(Cl), 0.33(K) | |
(Area φ, Fig. 4b) | 32.55 | 53.08 | 2.92 | 1.27 | 2.76(C), 1.42(O), 0.67(Cl), 5.35 (Hg) | |
(Area υ, Fig. 4b) | 1.66 | 94.33 | 1.42 | 1.75(C), 0.11(O), 0.73(Ga) | ||
Qui21 | (Area ε, Fig. 4d) | 0.75 | 96.41 | 0.74 | 1.99(C), 0.11(O) | |
(Area Ξ, Fig. 4d) | 20.18 | 38.76 | 3.89 | 29.02(C), 3.34(O), 0.15(Si), 3.10(S), 1.28(Cl), 0.27(Ca) | ||
(Area ζ, Fig. 4d) | 7.53 | 72.35 | 1.71 | 1.78 | 14.15(C), 1.89(O), 0.59(Cl) | |
Pro46 | (Area η, Fig. 4e) | 34.89 | 50.42 | 2.73 | 3.18 | 1.49(C), 3.95(O), 0.50(Si), 0.70(Cl), 0.61(Ca), 1.52(Fe) |
(Area Ѳ, Fig. 4e) | 7.10 | 77.02 | 0.82 | 2.97 | 1.75(C), 3.29(O), 0.27(Al), 0.82(Si), 0.90(Cl), 1.39(Ca), 3.71(Fe) | |
Cla312 | (Area χ, Fig. 5c) | 2.40 | 82.42 | 2.50 | 9.29 | 1.89(C), 1.31(O), 0.19(Cl) |
(Area ψ, Fig. 5c) | 3.16 | 37.42 | 9.40 | 39.65 | 2.94(C), 5.29(O), 0.46(Si), 0.36(P), 0.57(Ca), 0.74(Ga) | |
(Area Σ, Fig. 5c) | 0.59 | 35.10 | 3.40 | 17.33 | 21.65(C), 17.45(O), 0.77(Si), 0.83(P), 0.42(Cl), 0.58(K), 1.47(Ca), 0.41(Fe) | |
Cla87G | (Area Γ, Fig. 4f) | 1.84 | 95.95 | 1.63 | 1.48(C) | |
(Area Λ, Fig. 4f) | 9.77 | 89.98 | 0.25(O) | |||
(Area Δ, Fig. 4f) | 24.76 | 74.88 | 0.36(O) | |||
(Area Ω, Fig. 4f) | 85.32 | 14.68 | ||||
