Figure 6

Total ABR genes whose DNA abundance increased by 2-fold or more after median normalization per participant in all visits of both probiotic and placebo groups. A Kruskal-Wallis test of One-way ANOVA (nonparametric) using Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was used to evaluate the statistical differences of antimicrobial + treatment (visit 3) compared to the other visits in both arms of the study. *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01, ***p-value < 0.001, ****p-value < 0.0001.