Figure 7

Gut resistome composition profile of the total number of ABR genes detected for all participants for each visit categorized into antibiotic classes or types. Major shifts or increases of specific ABR classes include aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and tetracycline. The ratio depicts the total number of ABR gene hits over the number of ABR gene probes on the custom-designed ABR microarray. For example, for the tetracycline class there were 36 distinct ABR probes on the microarray, but the results revealed there were many more tetracycline genes detected in all the visits of both probiotic and placebo arms. This is explained by the fact that there are many participants that carry the same tetracycline genes and, thus the frequency of occurrence of the same tetracycline genes are found throughout many participants in both arms of the study, as seen also with aminoglycosides and beta-lactams.