Table 2 Mixed-effects linear regression modelling results with maximum-likelihood population effects based on least-cost and resistance-distances.

From: Landscape limits gene flow and drives population structure in Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Distance (model)

Variable

AIC

BIC

logLik

ΔAIC

LCD (IBR)

elev

−58881.0

−58846.8

29444.5

0.0

LCD (IBR)

bio16

−58238.2

−58204.0

29123.1

642.9

LCD (IBR)

sdm

−57764.8

−57730.6

28886.4

1116.3

LCD (IBR)

d2b

−57153.7

−57119.5

28580.9

1727.3

LCD (IBR)

slopeD

−57051.7

−57017.5

28529.9

1829.3

LCD (IBR)

vegS

−56945.1

−56910.9

28476.6

1935.9

LCD (IBR)

vegW

−56909.8

−56875.6

28458.9

1971.3

LCD (IBR)

cfv

−56884.0

−56849.8

28446.0

1997.1

LCD (IBR)

bio9

−56881.9

−56847.7

28445.0

1999.1

RD (IBR)

vegS

−56874.3

−56840.1

28441.2

2006.7

GD (IBD)

geo

−56820.4

−56786.2

28414.2

2060.7

LCD (IBR)

bio8

−56814.2

−56780.0

28411.1

2066.8

LCD (IBR)

slopeF

−56764.2

−56730.0

28386.1

2116.9

LCD (IBR)

bio17

−56702.8

−56668.6

28355.4

2178.2

LCD (IBR)

bd

−56611.6

−56577.4

28309.8

2269.5

RD (IBR)

bio16

−56051.5

−56017.2

28029.7

2829.6

RD (IBR)

sdm

−55851.8

−55817.6

27929.9

3029.2

RD (IBR)

slopeF

−55741.4

−55707.2

27874.7

3139.6

RD (IBR)

bio9

−55692.4

−55658.2

27850.2

3188.6

RD (IBR)

vegW

−55395.9

−55361.7

27702.0

3485.1

RD (IBR)

d2b

−55300.4

−55266.2

27654.2

3580.6

RD (IBR)

bd

−54839.2

−54805.0

27423.6

4041.9

RD (IBR)

elev

−54636.6

−54602.4

27322.3

4244.4

RD (IBR)

bio17

−54552.4

−54518.2

27280.2

328.7

RD (IBR)

cfv

−54189.8

−54155.6

27098.9

4691.2

ED (IBE)

vegW

−54175.1

−54140.9

27091.6

4705.9

ED (IBE)

vegS

−54138.7

−54104.4

27073.3

4742.4

ED (IBE)

bio17

−54111.2

−54077.0

27059.6

4769.8

RD (IBR)

slopeD

−54111.1

−54076.9

27059.6

4769.9

ED (IBE)

bio16

−53332.9

−53298.7

26670.4

5548.1

RD (IBR)

bio8

−53169.2

−53135.0

26588.6

5711.8

ED (IBE)

bio9

−53141.3

−53107.1

26574.6

5739.7

ED (IBE)

elev

−52919.0

−52884.8

26463.5

5962.0

ED (IBE)

cfv

−52901.5

−52867.3

26454.7

5979.6

ED (IBE)

d2b

−52888.9

−52854.7

26448.4

5992.2

ED (IBE)

slope

−52873.2

−52838.9

26440.6

6007.9

ED (IBE)

bd

−52868.7

−52834.5

26438.3

6012.4

ED (IBE)

bio9

−52866.9

−52832.7

26437.4

6014.2

  1. SlopeD stands for ‘slope resistance based on density’ and slopeF stands for ‘slope resistance based on friction’. Rows highlighted in bold indicate models with a better fit than IBD (GD geographic distance) based on AIC and BIC. AIC, Akaike Information Criterion; BIC, Bayesian Information Criterion; logLik, log-likelihood; LCD, least-cost distance; RD, resistance distance; ED, environmental distance; GD, geographic distance; IBD, isolation-by-distance; IBR, isolation-by-resistance; IBE, isolation-by-environment. See Table 1 for details on variable abbreviations.