Figure 8 | Scientific Reports

Figure 8

From: Aggregates of IVIG or Avastin, but not HSA, modify the response to model innate immune response modulating impurities

Figure 8The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Increased aggregates in HSA do not induce inflammation or synergize with trace levels of TLR2 or TLR4 agonists. (A) HSA aggregates formed by shaking or stirring leads to the formation of particles as determined changes to the MFI. (B) Volcano plot showing mRNA expression levels in PBMC (n = 6) stimulated in vitro for 24 h with undisturbed or aggregated HSA (80 μg/mL) as determined by using NanoString nCounter with Human Immunology V2 Panel. (C) Expression of pro-inflammatory genes following the stimulation of Hu-PBMC (mean + SEM of 3 donors) with HSA aggregates alone or together with increasing levels of LPS (1 ng to 100 ng/mL) or CpG ODN D35 (0.125 μM to 0.375 μM). Unstimulated cells were used as negative controls (denoted as M or Medium).

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