Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Ursodeoxycholic acid improves liver function via phenylalanine/tyrosine pathway and microbiome remodelling in patients with liver dysfunction

Figure 2

Heatmaps and boxplots of bile acids that significantly changed after treatments. For heatmaps, the plasma concentration of each bile acid was converted to a log scale. Normalisation was carried out using the mean value of each bile acid. Heatmaps show changes in bile acid levels from pre-dose to week 4 and week 8 for (A) UDCA and (B) vitamin E treatments. The colour scale ranges from −3 (blue) to 3 (red). Dotted lines distinguish the clusters of bile acids showing distinct patterns after treatment compared with those at pre-dose. Boxplots represent the concentrations (nM) of each bile acid: (C) UDCA, (D) GUDCA, (E) TUDCA, and (F) DCA. The boxplots show 5% and 95% confidence intervals. A paired t-test was used for statistical evaluation. *P < 0.05 between pre-dose and week 8; ns, non-significant difference between the groups.

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