Figure 2
From: Quinolone-fused cyclic sulfonamide as a novel benign antifilarial agent
Molecular events behind the macrofilaricidal activity of 8l. (A) Hematoxylin-eosin staining showing dose dependent changes in tissue architecture. (B) 8l induces fragmentation in genomic DNA. (C) CD spectrum of genomic DNA of S. cervi in presence and absence of 8l. The negative peak demonstrating 8l-DNA interaction is indicated by the red arrow. (D) 8l upregulates p53 protein but suppresses PNK expression. (E) Immunohistochemical staining showing expression of CED-3 in S. cervi tissue by green fluorescence of FITC (Upper panel). Hoechst stained micrographs showing chromatin condensation by blue staining (Middle panel). Merged images are given in the lower panel. (F) Caspase activity in 8l treated parasites. Each data represents three independent experiments which were repeated for at least five times. *p < 0.05 (One Way ANOVA) was considered statistically significant as compared to control. (G) Immunoblotting of apoptogenic protein showing 8l induced apoptosis through activation of EGL-1-CED-9-CED-4-CED-3 pathway in adult S. cervi (left panel). Effects of ROS scavenger and standard filaricide Ivermectin on the activation of CED pathway. (H) Alteration in the expression of the signaling molecules of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Abbreviation: Cut, Cuticle; FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate; Hyp, Hypodermis; Ivm, Ivermectin; NAC, N-acetyl-cysteine; Ute, Uterus.
