Figure 4
From: Quinolone-fused cyclic sulfonamide as a novel benign antifilarial agent
8l enhances apoptotic attributes in the developmental stages of S. cervi and exert anti-wolbachial activity. Microfilaricidal and ovicidal activity of 8l. (A) Acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) double staining depicting occurrence of apoptosis in S. cevi microfilariae (Mf). (B) PI and Hoechst staining showing apoptotic death in Mf. (C) 8l treatment induces expression of apoptosis associated proteins in Mf. (D) FITC-Annexin V/PI based flow cytometry showing quantitative proportions of different oocyte population viz. UL (necrosis), UR (late apoptosis), LL (viable cells), and LR (early apoptosis) treated with or without 8l. [i] Represents control, [ii] and [iii] represent oocytes treated with 8l with the doses of 18 µM and 36 µM, respectively. (E) 8l has efficacy against Wolbachia endosymbionts. C6/36 cells infected with Wolbachia were incubated with 28.8 and 57.6 µM of 8l, 9 µM of doxycycline, DMSO or untreated for 9 days. Cells were harvested and genomic DNA was extracted. Wolbachia depletion was monitored by qPCR using primers and hybridization probes specific for 16S rDNA (Wolbachia) and actin (insect cells). Endobacteria 16S rDNA copies/µl were normalized to insect actin copies/µl. The bars show medians and the whiskers show interquartile ranges. Results are representative of three independent experiments repeated at least five times.
