Table 2 Antimicrobial prescription according to medical institution (DDD/1,000 inhabitants/days). All classes of antimicrobial were included in total amount. (% of subtotal DDD or % of total DDD).

From: Changes in Antimicrobial Usage Patterns in Korea: 12-Year Analysis Based on Database of the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort

Medical institution

Class

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

P

Clinics

Penicillin

7.252

(51)

6.579

(49)

7.367

(52)

7.839

(52)

7.331

(49)

6.725

(43)

7.467

(40)

7.045

(38)

7.242

(38)

6.683

(37)

6.650

(36)

6.378

(36)

0.111

Cephem

2.735

(19)

2.692

(20)

2.805

(19)

3.035

(20)

3.047

(20)

3.625

(23)

4.628

(25)

4.783

(26)

5.078

(26)

4.769

(26)

4.919

(27)

4.796

(27)

<0.001

Fluoroquinolone

1.154

(8)

1.260

(9)

1.277

(9)

1.357

(9)

1.384

(9)

1.573

(10)

1.879

(10)

1.759

(9)

1.678

(8)

1.628

(9)

1.644

(9)

1.536

(8)

0.006

Macrolide

0.796

(5)

0.913

(6)

1.028

(7)

1.235

(8)

1.415

(9)

1.700

(10)

2.191

(10)

2.374

(13)

2.679

(14)

2.763

(15)

2.779

(15)

2.639

(15)

<0.001

Subtotal amount

14.096

(88)

13.258

(82)

14.158

(80)

15.062

(78)

14.728

(74)

15.457

(75)

18.339

(76)

18.134

(76)

18.892

(75)

18.043

(72)

18.111

(72)

17.417

(72)

<0.001

Hospitals

Penicillin

0.088

(34)

0.184

(34)

0.296

(35)

0.410

(35)

0.415

(34)

0.409

(29)

0.476

(28)

0.511

(28)

0.572

(28))

0.596

(26)

0.649

(27)

0.702

(29)

<0.001

Cephem

0.078

(30)

0.162

(30)

0.262

(31)

0.367

(32)

0.392

(32)

0.473

(34)

0.615

(36)

0.660

(36)

0.761

(37)

0.877

(38)

0.922

(38)

0.923

(38)

<0.001

Fluoroquinolone

0.025

(9)

0.063

(11)

0.094

(11)

0.118

(10)

0.126

(10)

0.153

(11)

0.177

(10)

0.190

(10)

0.204

(10)

0.222

(9)

0.245

(10)

0.241

(9)

<0.001

Macrolide

0.018

(7)

0.045

(8)

0.062

(7)

0.087

(7)

0.106

(8)

0.123

(8)

0.161

(9)

0.192

(10)

0.227

(9)

0.272

(12)

0.278

(11)

0.255

(10)

<0.001

Subtotal amount

0.252

(1)

0.540

(3)

0.844

(4)

1.144

(5)

1.218

(6)

1.382

(6)

1.692

(7)

1.819

(7)

2.040

(8)

2.256

(9)

2.390

(9)

2.417

(9)

<0.001

General hospitals

Penicillin

0.313

(19)

0.426

(18)

0.494

(19)

0.552

(18)

0.653

(18)

0.569

(16)

0.611

(16)

0.627

(17)

0.636

(15)

0.643

(15)

0.648

(15)

0.635

(15)

0.001

Cephem

0.431

(27)

0.671

(29)

0.796

(31)

0.953

(32)

1.438

(39)

1.174

(34)

1.272

(34)

1.221

(33)

1.345

(33)

1.434

(33)

1.432

(33)

1.443

(34)

<0.001

Fluoroquinolone

0.265

(16)

0.336

(12)

0.350

(13)

0.403

(13)

0.424

(11)

0.470

(13)

0.553

(13)

0.598

(16)

0.675

(16)

0.745

(17)

0.758

(17)

0.767

(18)

<0.001

Macrolide

0.185

(11)

0.303

(13)

0.346

(13)

0.395

(13)

0.436

(12)

0.465

(13)

0.488

(14)

0.489

(13)

0.532

(13)

0.582

(13)

0.515

(12)

0.488

(11)

<0.001

Subtotal amount

1.593

(9)

2.280

(14)

2.564

(14)

2.934

(15)

3.614

(18)

3.403

(16)

3.727

(15)

3.679

(15)

3.982

(15)

4.258

(17)

4.225

(16)

4.228

(17)

<0.001

Long-term care hospitals

Penicillin

0.000

0.001

(20)

0.004

(28)

0.010

(29)

0.017

(26)

0.026

(22)

0.017

(23)

0.020

(26)

0.022

(25)

0.020

(24)

0.020

(23)

0.018

(20)

0.003

Cephem

0.000

0.002

(40)

0.004

(28)

0.011

(32)

0.021

(32)

0.041

(32)

0.028

(39)

0.028

(36)

0.031

(36)

0.031

(37)

0.031

(36)

0.032

(36)

0.001

Fluoroquinolone

0.000

0.001

(20)

0.002

(14)

0.005

(14)

0.008

(12)

0.018

(15)

0.008

(11)

0.008

(10)

0.011

(12)

0.011

(13)

0.014

(16)

0.015

(17)

0.002

Macrolide

0.000

0.000

0.001

(7)

0.002

(5)

0.004

(6)

0.004

(3)

0.003

(4)

0.004

(5)

0.004

(4)

0.004

(4)

0.003

(3)

0.004

(4)

0.004

Subtotal amount

0.001

(0)

0.005

(0)

0.014

(0)

0.034

(0)

0.065

(0)

0.117

(0)

0.071

(0)

0.076

(0)

0.086

(0)

0.083

(0)

0.086

(0)

0.087

(0)

<0.001

Total amount

15.943

16.142

17.656

19.272

19.753

20.482

23.958

23.836

25.107

24.732

24.899

24.219

<0.001

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