Table 3 Antimicrobial prescription according to illness (DDD/1,000 inhabitants/days).

From: Changes in Antimicrobial Usage Patterns in Korea: 12-Year Analysis Based on Database of the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort

Illness

Class

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

P

Respiratory disease

Cephem

1.919

(21)

1.813

(21)

1.868

(20)

2.059

(20)

2.216

(22)

2.308

(23)

3.042

(24)

3.270

(26)

3.391

(26)

3.105

(25)

3.234

(26)

3.113

(26)

<0.001

Macrolide

0.686

(7)

0.838

(10)

0.952

(10)

1.150

(11)

1.305

(13)

1.557

(15)

1.973

(16)

2.167

(17)

2.418

(18)

2.559

(21)

2.498

(20)

2.307

(19)

<0.001

Penicillin

4.922

(54)

4.431

(53)

5.125

(56)

5.651

(56)

5.232

(53)

5.030

(50)

5.895

(48)

5.755

(46)

5.835

(45)

5.345

(44)

5.441

(44)

5.281

(45)

0.075

Fluoroquinolone

0.519

(5)

0.503

(6)

0.498

(5)

0.559

(5)

0.543

(5)

0.604

(6)

0.764

(6)

0.745

(6)

0.700

(5)

0.694

(5)

0.737

(6)

0.697

(5)

<0.001

Subtotal amount

9.002

(56)

8.265

(51)

9.032

(51)

9.988

(51)

9.777

(49)

9.968

(48)

12.171

(50)

12.390

(51)

12.759

(50)

12.074

(48)

12.232

(49)

11.683

(48)

<0.001

  Upper respiratory tract infection

Cephem

1.012

(20)

0.928

(21)

0.934

(20)

1.028

(20)

0.855

(21)

0.935

(23)

1.229

(24)

1.269

(26)

1.289

(26)

1.045

(26)

1.029

(26)

0.963

(26)

0.264

Macrolide

0.266

(5)

0.269

(6)

0.297

(6)

0.367

(7)

0.334

(8)

0.394

(9)

0.529

(10)

0.566

(11)

0.644

(13)

0.558

(13)

0.557

(14)

0.504

(13)

<0.001

Penicillin

2.879

(58)

2.520

(58)

2.839

(62)

3.106

(62)

2.438

(60)

2.316

(57)

2.776

(56)

2.603

(54)

2.562

(53)

2.128

(53)

2.054

(52)

1.951

(53)

0.005

Fluoroquinolone

0.243

(4)

0.226

(5)

0.208

(4)

0.225

(4)

0.189

(4)

0.198

(4)

0.241

(4)

0.225

(4)

0.193

(4)

0.160

(4)

0.156

(4)

0.132

(3)

0.003

Subtotal amount

4.900

(30)

4.279

(26)

4.552

(25)

4.982

(25)

4.000

(20)

4.012

(19)

4.949

(20)

4.817

(20)

4.824

(19)

3.999

(16)

3.886

(15)

3.625

(14)

0.109

Genito-urinary disease

Cephem

0.173

(12)

0.233

(14)

0.258

(16)

0.297

(18)

0.330

(19)

0.388

(19)

0.460

(19)

0.453

(19)

0.471

(20)

0.479

(20)

0.484

(20)

0.488

(21)

<0.001

Macrolide

0.024

(1)

0.029

(1)

0.028

(1)

0.034

(2)

0.048

(2)

0.052

(2)

0.061

(2)

0.061

(2)

0.067

(2)

0.070

(2)

0.077

(3)

0.074

(3)

<0.001

Penicillin

0.382

(27)

0.381

(23)

0.361

(22)

0.354

(21)

0.327

(18)

0.255

(12)

0.229

(9)

0.203

(8)

0.192

(8)

0.185

(7)

0.172

(7)

0.167

(7)

<0.001

Fluoroquinolone

0.352

(25)

0.482

(30)

0.502

(31)

0.532

(32)

0.566

(32)

0.668

(34)

0.829

(34)

0.814

(35)

0.829

(35)

0.847

(35)

0.843

(35)

0.796

(34)

<0.001

Subtotal amount

1.381

(8)

1.593

(9)

1.589

(8)

1.646

(8)

1.724

(8)

1.979

(9)

2.372

(9)

2.322

(9)

2.341

(9)

2.383

(9)

2.382

(9)

2.302

(9)

<0.001

  Urinary tract infection

Cephem

0.057

(10)

0.073

(11)

0.078

(12)

0.088

(13)

0.096

(13)

0.114

(14)

0.138

(14)

0.140

(15)

0.152

(16)

0.157

(16)

0.170

(17)

0.182

(19)

<0.001

Macrolide

0.015

(2)

0.015

(2)

0.015

(2)

0.018

(2)

0.021

(3)

0.022

(2)

0.023

(2)

0.022

(2)

0.025

(2)

0.023

(2)

0.026

(2)

0.025

(2)

<0.001

Penicillin

0.080

(14)

0.093

(14)

0.089

(13)

0.086

(12)

0.084

(12)

0.076

(9)

0.072

(7)

0.064

(7)

0.065

(6)

0.065

(6)

0.063

(6)

0.061

(6)

<0.001

Fluoroquinolone

0.177

(32)

0.245

(37)

0.248

(38)

0.272

(40)

0.282

(40)

0.333

(41)

0.404

(43)

0.388

(43)

0.411

(43)

0.426

(45)

0.434

(44)

0.412

(43)

<0.001

Subtotal amount

0.542

(3)

0.656

(4)

0.641

(3)

0.671

(3)

0.700

(3)

0.801

(3)

0.923

(3)

0.892

(3)

0.938

(3)

0.940

(3)

0.968

(3)

0.942 (3)

<0.001

Total amount

15.943

16.142

17.656

19.272

19.753

20.482

23.958

23.836

25.107

24.732

24.899

24.219

<0.001

  1. All classes of antimicrobial were included in total amount. (% of subtotal DDD or % of total DDD).