Table 1 Demographic data and baseline information of the PDM and CON groups.

	PDM (n = 57)	CON (n = 62)	P value
Age, year	23.1 ± 2.27	23.7 ± 2.40	0.147
Age at menarche	12.2 ± 1.19	12.2 ± 1.11	0.811
Years of menstruating	10.9 ± 2.53	11.5 ± 2.69	0.194
Days of one menstrual cycle	29.3 ± 1.41	29.5 ± 1.19	0.525
Menstrual pain experience
Years of dysmenorrhea history	8.8 ± 2.75
Days of menstrual pain per cycle	2.0 ± 0.84
Overall PRI (inception of study; range, 0–78)	34.9 ± 13.35
Overall PPI (inception of study; range, 0–5)	3.1 ± 1.11
Current PRI (MENS phase; range, 0–78)*	29.3 ± 12.70
Current PPI (MENS phase; range, 0–5)*	2.6 ± 1.01
Beck Anxiety Inventory (range, 0–63)
MENS phase	12.0 ± 7.87	2.4 ± 2.38	<0.001
POV phase	6.4 ± 5.50	3.2 ± 3.37	<0.001
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: State (range, 20–80)
MENS phase	43.1 ± 9.03	34.1 ± 7.35	<0.001
POV phase	36.5 ± 7.10	34.1 ± 7.68	0.036
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: Trait (range, 20–80)
MENS phase	44.9 ± 8.87	37.8 ± 7.23	<0.001
POV phase	43.0 ± 8.40	37.8 ± 7.61	0.001
Beck Depression Inventory (range, 0–63)
MENS phase	11.5 ± 7.92	4.5 ± 4.89	<0.001
POV phase	6.1 ± 6.31	4.3 ± 5.53	0.070
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (range, 0–52)
MENS phase	21.3 ± 11.60	5.4 ± 5.89	<0.001
POV phase	18.6 ± 10.78	5.9 ± 7.23	<0.001
Estradiol (pg/mL)
MENS phase	35.4 ± 18.52	43.3 ± 30.13	0.322
POV phase	157.9 ± 111.21	144.7 ± 121.66	0.315
Progesterone (ng/mL)
MENS phase	0.5 ± 0.39	1.0 ± 2.41	0.368
POV phase	0.9 ± 1.19	1.3 ± 2.83	0.258
Testosterone (ng/mL)
MENS phase	0.4 ± 0.23	0.4 ± 0.23	0.597
POV phase	0.6 ± 0.31	0.5 ± 0.22	0.369

PDM, primary dysmenorrhea; CON, control; PPI, present pain intensity of the McGill Pain Questionnaire; PRI, pain rating index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire; MENS phase, menstrual phase; POV phase, periovulatory phase. The data are presented as the means ± SD.
*Five PDM subjects did not complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire during the MENS phase and were excluded from the calculation.

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