Table 2 Estimateda mean values (95% CIs) of echocardiographic characteristics of the study participants by physical activity level.

From: Physical activity and impaired left ventricular relaxation in middle aged adults

Characteristics

Physical activity

P for trend

Inactive

Minimally active

HEPA

Number of participants

25,865

22,261

9,323

 

Heart rate

65.5 (65.3–65.6)

64.5 (64.4–64.6)

62.3 (62.1–62.5)

<0.001

Ejection fraction

66.7 (66.6–66.8)

66.7 (66.6–66.7)

66.6 (66.5–66.8)

0.31

E (cm/s)

69.7 (69.2–70.1)

71.0 (70.5–71.5)

72.1 (71.3–72.8)

<0.001

A (cm/s)

52.5 (51.0–54.0)

54.0 (52.4–55.6)

52.6 (50.2–55.1)

<0.001

E/E'

7.42 (7.37–7.47)

7.49 (7.44–7.54)

7.53 (7.45–7.61)

<0.001

E/A ratio

1.41 (1.39–1.42)

1.42 (1.41–1.44)

1.44 (1.42–1.46)

<0.001

Septal E’ (cm/s)

10.7 (10.3–11.1)

10.7 (10.2–11.1)

10.6 (9.8–11.3)

<0.001

Septal A’ (cm/s)

8.9 (8.5–9.2)

8.9 (8.5–9.2)

8.6 (8.0–9.2)

0.26

LVEDD (mm)

48.7 (48.6–48.7)

49.0 (48.9–49.0)

49.8 (49.7–49.8)

<0.001

LV mass (g)

133.3 (133.0–133.7)

135.3 (134.9–135.6)

142.0 (141.5–142.6)

<0.001

LVMI (g/ BSA, g/m2)

73.3 (73.2–73.5)

74.4 (74.2–74.5)

77.8 (77.5–78.0)

<0.001

LA size (mm)

34.0 (33.7–34.2)

34.1 (33.8–34.4)

35.3 (34.9–35.7)

<0.001

  1. aAdjusted for age, sex, center, and year of screening exam.
  2. Early diastolic mitral inflow peak velocity (E), late diastolic peak velocity (A) during atrial contraction, and deceleration time of the E velocity were measured. The early (E’) and late (A’) tissue velocities were obtained from tissue Doppler imaging of the septal mitral annulus.
  3. Abbreviations: BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVMI, left ventricular mass index.
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