Table 1 Maize yield and N use efficiency in N fertilizer application treatments.

Fertilizer Input (kg N ha⁻¹)	Maize Yield (kg ha⁻¹)	Soybean BNF (kg N ha⁻¹)	Soybean Harvest Export (kg N ha⁻¹)	Maize Aboveground Biomass N (kg N ha⁻¹)	Maize Harvest Export N (kg N ha⁻¹)	N surplus^a (kg N ha⁻¹)	N Use Efficiency^b	N Recovery efficiency (kg kg⁻¹)^c
0	6,400^a (400)	217	184	115^a (12.4)	69^a (5.6)	−36^a (5.6)	1.17^a (0.03)	N.A.
80	9,100^ab (200)	217	184	169^a (11.5)	104^ab (3.2)	9^b (3.2)	0.97^b (0.01)	0.68^a (0.23)
120	8,400^b (900)	217	184	177^a (20.3)	95^ab (11.6)	58^c (12)	0.83^ce (0.03)	0.51^a (0.18)
160	9,100^b (900)	217	184	210^b (31.4)	118^b (15.5)	75^cd (16)	0.80^cd (0.04)	0.59^a (0.27)
200	9,100^b (300)	217	184	198^a (9.6)	120^b (5.4)	113^d (5.4)	0.73^de (0.01)	0.42^a (0.04)

Treatments with different lettered superscripts differ significantly based on a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Values in parentheses are standard errors.
^aCalculated as inputs – exports. ^bCalculated as exports/inputs. ^cCalculated as (fertilized export – control export)/fertilizer input.

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