Table 1 Accuracy of angular phantom measurements.

From: 3D cephalometric analysis using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: validation of accuracy and reproducibility

Phantom Position

Measurement category

Mean difference

(True value − MRI)

95% limits of agreement (True value − MRI)

p-value

1

3D angles (°)

0.04

−0.20, 0.29

<0.001

2D angles sagittal (°)

0.01

−0.36, 0.38

<0.001

2D angles frontal (°)

0.03

−0.25, 0.31

<0.001

2D angles horizontal (°)

−0.09

−0.98, 0.76

<0.001

2

3D angles (°)

0.00

−0.27, 0.26

<0.001

2D angles sagittal (°)

0.04

−0.35, 0.43

<0.001

2D angles frontal (°)

0.01

−0.26, 0.28

<0.001

2D angles horizontal (°)

0.03

−0.35, 0.41

<0.001

3

3D angles (°)

0.01

−0.19, 0.20

<0.001

2D angles sagittal (°)

−0.02

−0.31, 0.27

<0.001

2D angles frontal (°)

−0.03

−0.20, 0.14

<0.001

2D angles horizontal (°)

−0.07

−0.47, 0.33

<0.001

  1. All given values refer to 24 different angles per measurement category. p-values < 0.05 indicate equivalence between true values and MRI measurements (two one-sided tests with an equivalence margin of ±0.5°).
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