Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants according to quartile of mean CAL.
From: Periodontal status and lung function decline in the community: the Hisayama study
Mean CAL | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Low) n = 414 | Q2 n = 410 | Q3 n = 410 | Q4 (High) n = 416 | P value | |
At baseline examination | |||||
Men, % | 26.1 | 40.5 | 43.2 | 59.9 | <0.001 |
Age, years | 58.0 ± 10.7 | 60.5 ± 10.4 | 63.0 ± 10.8 | 66.6 ± 10.9 | <0.001 |
Occupation, % | |||||
White-collar workers | 33.1 | 31.0 | 31.2 | 26.2 | 0.045* |
Blue-collar workers | 14.0 | 14.1 | 17.1 | 21.4 | |
Unemployed, homemakers, and part-time workers | 52.9 | 54.9 | 51.7 | 52.4 | |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 10.9 | 12.0 | 16.3 | 22.8 | <0.001 |
Body mass index | 22.4 ± 3.5 | 23.0 ± 3.1 | 23.6 ± 3.4 | 23.7 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
Physically active, % | 44.9 | 52.7 | 47.6 | 45.9 | 0.845 |
Brinkman index, % | |||||
0 (Never smokers) | 71.7 | 63.9 | 59.8 | 44.7 | <0.001* |
1–399 (Ex-smokers) | 13.5 | 11.7 | 11.2 | 9.1 | |
400–799 (Ex-smokers) | 4.1 | 7.3 | 9.3 | 11.8 | |
≥800 (Ex-smokers) | 2.9 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 14.2 | |
1–399 (Current smokers) | 2.7 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.6 | |
400–799 (Current smokers) | 3.6 | 3.7 | 6.3 | 9.4 | |
≥800 (Current smokers) | 1.4 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 7.2 | |
Alcohol intake, % | |||||
Never | 39.1 | 33.4 | 34.1 | 34.4 | 0.281* |
Former | 11.1 | 15.9 | 12.9 | 11.8 | |
Current | 49.8 | 50.7 | 52.9 | 53.8 | |
FEV1, L | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 0.117 |
FEV1% predicted, % | 96.9 ± 13.0 | 95.4 ± 12.7 | 95.3 ± 14.3 | 93.3 ± 15.0 | <0.001 |
FEV1/FVC %, % | 77.2 ± 5.1 | 77.2 ± 5.4 | 77.0 ± 5.5 | 75.7 ± 5.7 | <0.001 |
At follow-up examination | |||||
Decline in FEV1, mL/3years | 56.7 ± 147.6 | 80.4 ± 156.4 | 71.7 ± 176.5 | 76.0 ± 152.5 | 0.158 |
Rapid decline in FEV1 (≥160 mL/3years), % | 19.1 | 27.1 | 27.1 | 29.1 | 0.002 |
