Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Antiviral innate immune response in non-myeloid cells is augmented by chloride ions via an increase in intracellular hypochlorous acid levels

Figure 3

DNA and RNA viruses are inhibited by sodium chloride: Dose-dependent inhibition of (a) HSV-1, (b) RSV, (c) MHV68, (d) HCoV-229E, (e) CV-B3 and (f) IAV by NaCl. Cells were infected with virus for 1 hour before virus was replaced with media containing increasing concentrations of NaCl. Viral replication was quantified by measuring eGFP fluorescence intensity over multiple rounds of replication and determining the slopes of the growth curves in time course analyses, with the exception of IAV, which was quantified by qRT-PCR for the viral nucleoprotein (NP). With the exception of IAV, which represents one experiment of duplicates, all error bars represent the standard error of the mean of at least two independent experiments carried out in triplicate. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 when compared to 0 mM NaCl. NaCl (mM) values are over and above that found in DMEM (110 mM).

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