Table 2 Effect of different treatments on the physical and chemical properties of the 0–20 cm soil layer after the harvest of winter wheat in 2011–2014a.

From: Peanut-Shell Biochar and Biogas Slurry Improve Soil Properties in the North China Plain: A Four-Year Field Study

Year

Treatment

Soil physical and chemical properties

Bulk density (g/cm3)

Total porosity (%)

pH

Total N (g/kg)

Total P (g/kg)

Organic matter (g/kg)

2011

CK

1.41a

46.38e

8.03b

0.78g

0.72cd

19.83c

BS

1.40ab

46.83e

7.82c

0.93ef

0.79b

22.09a

BC

1.32d

50.02b

8.36a

1.41a

0.82b

22.62a

2012

CK

1.38b

47.92d

8.30a

0.85fg

0.76c

19.11d

BS

1.37b

48.23d

7.56c

1.32b

0.86ab

22.32a

BC

1.35c

49.06c

8.24a

1.24c

0.88a

21.14b

2013

CK

1.38b

47.92d

8.23ab

0.97c

0.81b

18.91d

BS

1.34cd

49.43bc

7.46d

1.29bc

0.84b

21.93a

BC

1.29e

51.32a

8.39a

1.13d

0.91a

20.44bc

2014

CK

1.36bc

48.68cd

8.30a

1.02e

0.76bc

18.52d

BS

1.29d

51.32a

7.56d

1.36ab

0.92a

22.34a

BC

1.31de

50.57a

8.24a

1.24c

0.88a

19.12d

  1. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference among the treatments (Fisher’s least significant distance test, P < 0.05).
  2. CK: control treatment, with conventional farming fertilizers; BS: biogas slurry treatment; BC: biochar treatment.
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