Table 3 Summary of methods and results.

Species	Study Site	Data Collection Technique	Dominance Contexts	Linearity, Stability, & Null Dyads	Rank Analyses	Correlations with other Social Behaviors
Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes, N = 7)	Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest (Cle Elum, WA, USA)	All-occurrence agonistic and affiliative data collection three days per week from June through August 2017 (N = 31)	Agonistic Competition	h′ = 0.50P = 0.256 Stab = 0.92 Null = 0	DSˆ	Affiliation Agonism Nearest Neighbor
					I & SIˆ
					ELO
					PERCˆ
					ADAGIOˆ
			Lack of Agonism^§	h′ = 0.93* P < 0.01 Stab = 0.98 Null = 0	DSˆ	Affiliation Agonism^◊ Nearest Neighbor
					I & SIˆ
					ELOˆ
					PERCˆ
					ADAGIOˆ
			Privileged Role	h′ = 0.93* P < 0.01 Stab = 0.98 Null = 0	DSˆ	Affiliation^◊ Agonism Nearest Neighbor
					I & SIˆ
					ELOˆ
					PERCˆ
					ADAGIOˆ
			Priority Access to Resources^§	h′ = 0.75* P = 0.04 Stab = 0.91 Null = 0	DSˆ	Affiliation^◊ Agonism Nearest Neighbor
					I & SIˆ
					ELO
					PERCˆ
					ADAGIOˆ
Free-ranging (provisioned) adult Tibetan macaques (M. thibetana, N = 24)	Mt. Huangshan (Anhui Province, China)	All-occurrence agonistic and focal-follow allogrooming data collection daily from July through August 2016 (N = 36)	Agonistic Competition^§	h′ = 0.34* P < 0.001 Stab = 0.99 Null = 60%	DSˆ	Grooming Maternal Kinship
					I & SIˆ
					ELOˆ
					PERCˆ
					ADAGIOˆ
			Lack of Agonism^§	h′ = 0.10 P = 0.06 Stab = 0.99 Null = 59%	DSˆ	Grooming Maternal Kinship^◊
					I & SIˆ
					ELOˆ
					PERCˆ
					ADAGIOˆ

Notably, in the chimpanzee group, dominance interactions were only significantly linear (h′ > 0.90, P < 0.05) for lack of agonism and privileged role contexts. These same contexts had the highest rank stability (stab >0.98). In the Tibetan macaque group, neither dominance context was considered linear: although this test was statistically significant (P < 0.01), neither h′ value exceeded 0.90 (specifically, h′ <0.35). However, interactions in both contexts were found to be highly stable (stab >0.99). Section marks (^§) denote statistically significant correlations (P < 0.05) between median dominance rank for each context within species. Asterisks (*) denote statistically significant results (P < 0.05) for tests of linearity. Circumflexes (ˆ) denote statistically significant correlations (P < 0.05) between ranking statistics within dominance contexts. Diamonds (^◊) denote statistically significant correlations (P < 0.05) between median dominance context ranks and other behavioral contexts. “Stab” refers to Elo dominance stability and “null” refers to the percentage of null dyads for each context.

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