Table 3 Parameters used in the baseline stump models.

K _cortical

0.0429 J/g

Derived by assuming levels of steady state stress and strain⁴⁴

K _trabecular

0.0125 J/g

K _HO

0.0029 J/g

K _{soft tissue}

0.0029 J/g

ρ _{cortical initial}

1.7 g/cm³

⁶⁵

ρ _{trabecular initial}

0.8 g/cm³

⁶⁵

ρ _{soft tissue initial}

0.95 g/cm³

^{66, 67}

ρ _{cortical range}

1.2 < ρ_cortical ≤ 2.0 g/cm³

⁶⁵

ρ _{trabecular range}

0.1 < ρ_trabecular ≤ 1.2 g/cm³

⁶⁵

ρ _{HO range}

0.1 < ρ_HO ≤ 2.2 g/cm³

⁴⁴

ρ_MSC range

0.01 ≤ ρ_MSC ≤ 1

Relation between E (GPa) and ρ_cortical

E = −2.642 + 5.622ρ + 0.763ρ² + 0.937ρ³

Relationships derived by collating a range of data and finding the mean trend⁴⁴

Relation between E (GPa) and ρ_trabecular

E = −0.07 + 1.575ρ + 0.762ρ² + 1.241ρ³

Relation between E (GPa) and ρ_HO

E = −0.07 + 1.575ρ + 0.762ρ² + 1.241ρ³

E_soft,tissue (KPa)

E = 0.04 + 124.41ε − 479.66ε² + 2725.02ε³

E_skin (KPa)

8000

^{68,69,– 70}

E_socket (MPa)

15000

³⁴

E_liner (MPa)

1

³²

v _bone

0.3

⁶⁵

v _{soft, tissue}

0.47

³⁷

v _skin

0.475

⁷¹

v _socket

0.3

³⁴

v _liner

0.49

Modelled as incompressible

Lazy zone span femur

10%

Lazy zone span HO

0%

Sensor influence factor D

0.35 cm

⁴¹

Time constant Δt

1

⁴¹