Table 1 The C/O ratios and relative concentrations of functional groups determined by deconvolution of C1s XPS spectra for rGOs obtained using sodium silicate, alkali-barium silicate and magnesium silicate glasses.

Defects

C=C

C-C

C-OH & C-O-C

\(({{\boldsymbol{D}}}_{\mathrm{GO}{\boldsymbol{/}}\mathrm{rGO}}^{{\boldsymbol{BasalPlane}}})\)

>C=O

\(({{\boldsymbol{D}}}_{\mathrm{GO}{\boldsymbol{/}}\mathrm{rGO}}^{C{\boldsymbol{=}}O})\)

O=C-OH

\(({{\boldsymbol{D}}}_{\mathrm{GO}{\boldsymbol{/}}\mathrm{rGO}}^{{\boldsymbol{COOH}}})\)

C/O Ratio

283.9

284.6

284.9

286.7

288.2

288.9