Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis Peptidylarginine Deiminase on Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Epithelial Cell Invasion, and Epithelial Cell Transcriptional Landscape

Figure 1

The effect of P. gingivalis PPAD on bacterial abundance (a), species composition (b) and (c) the biofilm structure in multispecies biofilms. A biofilm consisting of T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, A. naeslundii, S. gordonii, and one of three P. gingivalis strains, wild type (WT), ppad deletion strain (Δppad), or a strain harboring inactivated PPAD (C351A), was cultured for 48 h, following which (a,b) the bacterial DNA was extracted and assessed via qPCR, (c) biofilm was fixed and observed via SEM under 1500x magnification. The (a) bacterial load and (b) species composition of each biofilm model are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Data were plotted on a logarithmic scale.

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