Figure 5

Logarithmic power comparison of several leading deep-sea manipulator systems. All are actuated hydraulically with the exception of ECAGroups’ 5 E Mini (www.ecagroup.com), which uses electronic linear and rotary actuators. The HydroLek MiniGauntlet (www.hydro-lek.com) is considered the industry standard small form-factor hydraulic manipulator, typically used on lightweight ROV’s that are limited in the power and payload they can provide for manipulation.