Table 2 Mean number various components of metabolic syndrome and independent effects of covariates on metabolic syndrome components clustering in individuals.

From: Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and its determinants among Nepalese adults: Findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

Age group

Un-weighted

Mean number of

risk factors (95%CI)

ARR*a

P

15–29

831

1.28 (1.20–1.36)

1

 

30–44

1,410

1.85 (1.76–1.94)

1.28 (1.19–1.38)

<0.001

45–69

1,488

2.14 (2.04–2.24)

1.52 (1.41–1.63)

<0.001

Gender

Male

1,190

1.64 (1.54–1.74)

1

 

Female

2,539

1.71 (1.64–1.77)

1.03 (0.98–1.09)

0.247

Education

No formal schooling

1,662

1.77 (1.68–1.86)

1

 

Primary

917

1.67 (1.56–1.78)

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

0.325

Secondary

705

1.60 (1.47–1.74)

1.07 (1.00–1.16)

0.057

Higher

445

1.61 (1.49–1.74)

1.12 (1.03–1.23)

0.011

Marital status

Never married

299

1.24 (1.12–1.36)

1

 

Currently married

3,222

1.77 (1.70–1.84)

1.00 (0.90–1.12)

0.950

Divorced/Widowed/Separated

207

1.79 (1.58–2.00)

0.89 (0.78–1.03)

0.111

Caste/ethnicity

Dalits

317

1.76 (1.61–1.92)

1

 

Disadvantaged Janajatis

1,165

1.60 (1.51–1.69)

0.91 (0.82–1.01)

0.069

Disadvantaged non-Dalit Terai caste groups

296

1.50 (1.33–1.66)

0.88 (0.77–0.99)

0.036

Religious minorities

46

2.00 (1.53–2.47)

1.06 (0.83–1.34)

0.640

Relatively advantaged Janajatis

287

1.88 (1.61–2.15)

0.88 (0.77–1.00)

0.050

Upper caste groups

1,618

1.70 (1.59–1.80)

0.88 (0.80–0.98)

0.015

Ecological zone

Mountain

260

1.56 (1.30–1.82)

1

 

Hill

1,568

1.76 (1.64–1.88)

0.99 (0.83–1.17)

0.881

Terai

1,901

1.62 (1.54–1.70)

0.98 (0.83–1.15)

0.798

Place of residence

Rural

3,022

1.60 (1.53–1.67)

1

 

Urban

707

1.99 (1.81–2.16)

1.13 (1.05–1.21)

0.001

Current smoking

No

3,051

1.68 (1.61–1.76)

1

 

Yes

678

1.63 (1.51–1.74)

0.96 (0.89–1.03)

0.244

Harmful use of alcohol

No

3,663

1.67 (1.61–1.74)

1

 

Yes

66

1.70 (1.30–2.10)

1.10 (0.87–1.40)

0.417

Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake

No

43

1.78 (1.36–2.20)

1

 

Yes

3,686

1.67 (1.60–1.74)

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

0.330

Low physical activity

No

3,580

1.67 (1.60–1.73)

1

 

Yes

133

1.90 (1.64–2.16)

1.04 (0.94–1.16)

0.419

Abnormal waist hip ratio

No

1,056

1.29 (1.21–1.36)

1

 

Yes

2,673

1.94 (1.86–2.02)

1.35 (1.27–1.43)

<0.001

BMI category

<25

2,773

1.42 (1.35–1.48)

1

 

25–30

763

2.50 (1.39–2.62)

1.51 (1.43–1.60)

<0.001

>30

193

2.95 (2.72–3.19)

1.65 (1.52–1.78)

<0.001

Total

3,729

1.67 (1.61–1.74)

  
  1. *The number of components of metabolic syndrome was the dependent variable. Each Relative Risk (RR) reflects the risk of having x or more components versus having fewer against the risk in the reference group. Hence, the Adjusted RR (ARR) represents the average effect of the covariate on the risk of having x number of components or more.
  2. aARR have been adjusted for all variables listed.
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