Figure 5
Visual input pathways and onsets of DA responses to visual CSs. (A) Averaged spike density functions of DA responses to CSs recorded on the contralesional side before and during SC inactivation (before inactivation; panel a, during inactivation; panel b). The earliest time point when the activity exceeds 2 SD from the baseline activity (−500–0 ms) are indicated in the panels as latencies (L). The earliest time point when value differentiation emerged between LR and SR trials are indicated as value differentiation (V). Yellow areas in the figures show the period during which the responses to LR-CS and SR-CS trials were significantly different for more than 15 ms bin (N = 25 in a, N = 9 in b, two-sided sign test, a <0.05). Left top letters (V1 and SC) indicate available visual input pathways. (B) A schematic diagram indicating the afferent visual pathways responsible for evoking value-coded DA responses to classically conditioned visual stimuli. The chronic lesion of the unilateral V1 and acute inactivation of the SC limit the possible visual input pathways to the cortical visual pathway (purple continuous and dotted lines through the LGN and V1, “1”).
