Figure 2

AFM images of curcumin-conjugated and metallo-curcumin-conjugated RDNA complexes. The outer and inner diameters of the RDNA were 29 and 13 nm, respectively. (a) AFM image of C-conjugated RDNA complexes, labelled RDNA-C. (b–d) AFM images of Cu2+-, Ni2+-, and Zn2+-curcumin-conjugated RDNA complexes, labelled RDNA-Cu-C, RDNA-Ni-C, and RDNA-Zn-C, respectively. The final concentrations of RDNA, C, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ were 500 nM, 80 µM, 4 mM, 2 mM, and 1 mM, respectively. The scan size of all the images was 2 × 2 µm2.