Table 1 General characteristics of the study populations.

From: Circulating metabolic biomarkers of renal function in diabetic and non-diabetic populations

 

Diabetic cohorts

Non-diabetic cohorts

GenodiabMar

TwinsUK (diabetics)

Kora (diabetics)

TwinsUK

Kora (non-diabetic)

YoungFinns

n

655

111

160

1168

1624

2046

Zygosity (MZ/DZ/Single)

 

30/4/77

 

466/546/156

  

Age (years)

69.70 (±9.32)

68.64 (±8.38)

66.74 (±7.44)

64.83 (±7.91)

60.30 (±8.83)

41.88 (±5.00)

Gender (female)

256 (39.1%)

105 (94.6%)

71 (44.4%)

1118 (95.7%)

845 (52.0%)

1115 (54.5%)

BMI (kg/m2)

30.32 (±5.05)

29.33 (±5.55)

31.48 (±5.53)

26.05 (±4.61)

27.82 (±4.58)

26.54 (±5.05)

eGFR (mL/min/1. 73 m2)

58.64 (±28.83)

75.80 (±17.64)

76.59 (±18.15)

79.87 (±14.53)

87.80 (±15.38)

94.75 (±12.53)

creatinine (mg/dL)

1.26 (±0.62)

0.84 (±0.24)

0.96 (±0.48)

0.80 (±0.16)

0.83 (±0.23)

0.87 (±0.15)

CKD* (grades 1/2/3/4/5) N and (%)

116/213/202/72/52 (17.7/32.5/30.8/10.9/7.9)

20/76/12/3/0 (18/68.4/10.8/2.7/0)

39/95/24/1/1 (24.3/59.3/15/0.6/0.6)

322/726/118/2/0 (27.5/62.1/10.1/0.1/0)

795/752/73/2/2 (48.9/46.3/4.4/0.1/0.1)

1339/699/7/1/0 (65.4/34.1/0.3/0.04/0)

  1. MZ = monozygotic, DZ = dizygotic. BMI = Body mass index. eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI equation).
  2. *Grades of Chronic Kidney Disease are stratified per KDIGO recommendation56 as: G2 60–89, G3 59–30, G4 15–29 and G5 < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Values for categorical variables are given as n (percentage); values for continuous variable as mean (±SD).